The Civil Rights Movement Chapter 24

Civil Rights Movement Obtained “equal” rights for African Americans and minorities. Ended segregation. Little Rock NineStokely Carmichael

Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement 14 th Amendment to the US Constitution: made African Americans citizens of the US 15 th Amendment: allowed African Americans the right to vote Civil Rights: rights of citizens - free speech- freedom of religion - trial by a jury- access to courts - right to vote- right to travel - property ownership

Separate But Equal Plessy v. Ferguson created the separate-but-equal concept that allowed states to pass laws to segregate (separate) public facilities for blacks and whites Unofficially known as the Jim Crow laws Bus Station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940 Resulted in separate: -restrooms -water fountains -schools -dining areas - waiting rooms

Black Political Organizations NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People): brought lawsuits against states & cities that had laws discriminating against blacks CORE (Congress of Racial Equality): staged sit-ins, conducted voter registration drives, conducted freedom rides; non-violent organization

Black Political Organizations SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference): confronted racial discrimination directly and peacefully: founded by Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Presidential Support for Civil Rights Harry S. Truman: became president in He integrated the military and supported fair employment for African Americans Civil Rights Act of 1957: established a Civil Rights Commission created a federal government agency encouraged blacks to vote

Civil Rights and Education Floyd McKissick: the 1 st African American to gain admission to the law school of UNC in 1951 Brown v. Board of Education: ruled the separate-but-equal concept unconstitutional

Civil Rights and Education Pearsall Plan: a NC policy that: took away a state’s right to assign students to schools, giving the local school board this right. urged blacks to accept segregation to keep peace. allowed local school boards to abolish schools if parents objected to integration.

Early Protests and Demonstrations Rosa Parks: refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person who was standing. Known as the “Mother of the Civil Rights Movement.” Mrs. Rosa Parks is fingerprinted by D.H. Lackey in Montgomery, Ala., on Feb. 22, 1956, two months after refusing to give up her seat on a bus for a white passenger on Dec. 1, 1955.

School Integration Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education: led to the integration of schools in Mecklenburg County through busing

Greensboro Sit-In On February 1, 1960, four students from NC A&T College held a sit-in at Woolworth’s lunch counter. Led to the integration of : -restaurants -motels -movie theaters -lunch counters -other public places

SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee): student led organization that combated racial inequality.

Public Protests and Demonstrations Martin Luther King, Jr.: believed in achieving racial equality through non-violence; leader at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement.

Public Protests and Demonstrations The Civil Rights Act of 1964 required: businesses to open their doors to all races school districts to avoid discrimination against minorities or lose federal funds President Lyndon Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law.

Voting Registration Drives Voting Rights Act: did away with literacy tests provided federal registrars in areas that had a low percentage of minorities registered

Decline of the Civil Rights Movement Ben Chavis: Civil rights worker. He was asked to end the conflict in Wilmington, NC. Wilmington 10: a group of 10 people from Wilmington who opposed and protested unfair treatment in the South due to race; they were charged with arson and being accessories to murder.