The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Ohio Military Service

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator” The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Artillery Technology Artillery improved with the invention of shells, devices that exploded in the air. Artillery often fired canisters, special shells filled with bullets.

Large Cannon on a military base at a Union port.

Fort Sumter Before the War

Cannon Shells Burst Above and Inside the Fort

Fort Sumter After: New Technologies Make Large Forts Obsolete

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan vs. War of Attrition

The “Anaconda” Plan

George McClellan, Again! Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan, Again!

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

The Civil War and Technology The Civil War was one of the first “modern” wars in world history due to its use of many modern technologies Modern tactics would also be used The combination of modern technologies with traditional tactics and poor medical care would lead to the bloodiest war in American history

New Muskets and Bullets Outdated muskets were replaced with more accurate rifles. Due to the great demand for just about anything that would fire, a huge mix of good quality rifled muskets, as well as old muskets of varying age, manufacture, caliber, and quality were imported on both sides

New Tactics After First Bull Run, both armies dug entrenchments all along the front which separated them. During the Civil War, soldiers equipped with rifled weapons and emplaced behind prepared field fortifications were almost impossible to overcome. Because of this, shovels became as important as rifles. New weapons technologies brought about significant changes in the way future wars would be fought. Confederate fortifications at Centreville, Virginia.

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861

The Civil War and Railroads The Civil War is one of the first major wars to use trains (they had been used in some European wars) Used to transport troops and supplies. Had an effect on the 1st Battle of Manassas: Confederate troops rested, Union troops exhausted from march in the heat.

The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

The Monitor

Damage on the Deck of the Monitor

America’s First Air Force? Professor T. S. Lowe's balloon, the Intrepid, June 1, 1862. During the Battle of Fair Oaks, Lowe ascended in his balloon, to observe the battle and report to Union forces by telegraph. This combination of two new technologies applied to warfare is a further example of the Civil War's claim as the first modern war

War in the East: 1861-1862

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

Emancipation in 1863

The Emancipation Proclamation

The Southern View of Emancipation

African-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54th Massachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

World’s First Modern War: Total War Ulysses S. Grant led Union soldiers to attack Vicksburg After destroying Jackson, Miss., he turned his forces on Vicksburg Grant laid a siege on the town, starving the soldiers and the people. He also used artillery and gunboats to fire upon the cities, killing innocent civilians

Vicksburg before Grant Attacked

Confederate Camp in Vicksburg

USS Cincinnati

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties

Inflation in the South

The Importance of 1863 On July 4, 1863: 30,000 Confederate troops defending Vicksburg laid down their arms and surrendered. Former slaves celebrated Independence Day for the first time. Four days later, the Mississippi River was in the hands of the Union army, effectively cutting the Confederacy in two. The Confederate army was on the run in the east after being defeated at Gettysburg

Siege of Petersburg Unable to reach Richmond or defeat Lee’s army, Grant moved around the capital and attacked Petersburg. He knew that if he could cut off shipments of food to Richmond, the city would have to surrender. The attack on Petersburg failed, and Grant’s army suffered some 65,000 casualties. Grant then turned to the tactic of siege that he had used in Vicksburg. On June 18, 1864, Grant began the siege of Petersburg.

Atlanta, Georgia This was one of the most heavily fortified positions of the Civil War General Johnston wanted to wait and defend, but was forced to attack by Pres. Davis Hood then had too few men to hold the lengthy lines around Atlanta, and he abandoned the city to Sherman on the night of August 31, 1864

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

Sherman Marches to the Sea General Sherman vowed to “make Georgia howl.” Sherman ordered Atlanta evacuated and burned. He left the city in ruins. He led some 62,000 soldiers on a march to the sea to capture Savannah. Along the way he burned and pillaged towns and farms for 300 miles. On December 21, 1864, the Union army entered Savannah without a fight. Sherman’s message to Lincoln read: “I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah.”

Union Soldiers Tearing up Railway

Destroyed Rail Yard in Atlanta

Atlanta after the War

Ruins in Richmond

Ruins in South Carolina

Civilians Caught in the Mix

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster

Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864

Presidential Election Results: 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Field Hospitals

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Birth of New Freedom The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified by the states and became law in December 1865. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address that slavery had divided the nation, but he also laid the groundwork to “bind up the nation’s wounds.”

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

WANTED~~!!

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

The Execution