Thursday, 20 November 2003, 11h00-13h00 Parrallel session Identifying solutions – Lessons from case studies: Transport

Programme Introduction: Energy efficiency characteristics of passenger transport modes Roger Behrens, University of Cape Town Low cost bicycle supply and promotion strategies in South African cities Andrew Wheeldon, Bicycle Empowerment Network Non-motorised transportation network planning and prioritisation initiatives in Cape Town Kevin Garrod, City of Cape Town The experience and transferability prospects of Latin American bus rapid transit systems Maddie Mazaza, City of Cape Town Alternative transport technologies: Current trends and potential in South Africa Marianne Vanderschuren, University of Cape Town Discussion Resource person: Dioncio Rosas, Mexico City

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment City Energy Strategies Conference Parrellel session: Transport Introduction: energy efficiency characteristics of passenger transport modes Roger Behrens 20 th November 2003, Cape Town

Energy consumption by passenger travel mode in Asian cities Data source: Zegras and Birk (1994)

Energy consumption by passenger travel mode in European cities Data source: Zeus, European Commission (2000)

Energy consumption by passenger travel mode Data source: Howes and Fainberg (1991)

Energy consumption by passenger travel mode in the United Kingdom Data source: Hughes 1990

Energy consumption by passenger travel mode in London Data source: Tolley and Turton (1995)

Summary of energy use data (converted to kilojoules per passenger kilometre)

Energy comsumption and total cost by travel mode in Asian cities Data source: Zegras and Birk (1994)

Fuel consumption and emissions by travel mode in Indian cities Data source: Fulton (2003)

Summary of conclusions contextual differences and differing definitions and methods of measurement result in inconsistencies across energy efficiency findings nevertheless the weight of evidence indicates that non-motorised modes are the most energy efficient, most affordable and least polluting passenger travel modes – followed by electric rail and diesel bus public transport modes the weight of evidence further indicates that the low occupancy motor car is the least energy efficient, most unaffordable and most polluting of passenger travel modes consequently any strategy to improve a city’s energy efficiency would need to both promote the use of non-motorised and public transport modes, and, because private transport will remain an important even if reduced travel mode, promote the introduction of more efficient and cleaner technologies, operations and fuels