Workpackage 02 Germination testing Christoph Germeier, Zofia Bulinska – Radomska, Izabela Borowska, Audrey Didier

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology check test Germination test results 2008 Germination test results 2009 Germination methodology Germination and Fusarium counting methodology germination test: how many accessions are being tested, when the tests have been started, how long do they all take?

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology General outline of germination tests according to ISTA methodology: Between paper in climate chamber, Continuous light 20°C, 4 replications (recommended 8) a 50 seeds Breaking dormancy with gibberellic acid: GA3 (1000 mg/l) in phosphate buffer ( g Na2HPO4 x 2 H g NaH2PO4 x H2O + 1 l aqua dest.) Count after 5 and 10 days Variants used in the project FRA 2007 / 2008: Round filter paper (diameter: 90mm) are moistened with gibberellin solution and placed in the petri plate then seeds are laid down onto the filter paper. A second moistened round filter paper is disposed on the top. POL 2007 / 2008: Filter paper envelopes (CHEMPUR, 65g/m2, 12,5x18,5 cm) are moistened with gibberellin solution. Seeds are placed into the envelope, incubated at 20 0 C with continuous light.

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology: Radzików

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Mold Germination methodology: Radzików Normal germ

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology: Radzików Normal germ Fusarium

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg DEU 2007 / 2008: Filter paper towels (e.g. Munktell C160, 15x60cm2) are pre-folded and moistened with gibberellin solution. Seeds are placed onto the fold, the towel then folded, rolled, stabilized in a plastic bag and incubated at 20 0 C with continuous light. 2007: climate cabinet side of plastic bag open 2008: climate chamber top of plastic bag open

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology: Quedlinburg Set up of germination tests in climate chamber (2008)

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination and Fusarium counting methodology: Quedlinburg A) Abnormal germ and Molds

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination and Fusarium counting methodology: Quedlinburg B) Fusarium more or less thick mycelium, reddish color, plants affected or not germinated

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination and Fusarium counting methodology: Quedlinburg B) Fusarium more or less mycelium, reddish colour, plants not affected

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination and Fusarium counting methodology: Quedlinburg B) Fusarium mainly reddish color, mycelium, symptoms not detectable

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology check test (wild species) AccessionFRAPOL DEU bag closed DEU side open DEU top open A. barbata ssp. barbata PRT1984DEU146AVE , A. clauda BGR001A2E , A. damascena POL003PL ,597,560,594,5 A. fatua AUT1986DEU146AVE ,579,565,583,582 A. fatua ssp. fatua ROMDEU146AVE ,536,58881,5 A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana ALB1994DEU146AVE ,571,52086

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg AccessionFRAPOLDEU bag closed DEU side open DEU top open A. abyssinica 1939BGR001BGR , A. abyssinica cult. Finca- san-jose ESPDEU146AVE ,58082 A. strigosa var. nigra BEL1998RUS ,587,561,574 A. s trigosa v ar. t ypica Local NOR1978RUS , A. s trigosa s sp. b revis v ar. nudibrevis ESP1989POL003PL ,58864,584 A. strigosa ssp. brevis var. nudibrevis cult. S aia DEU1959DEU146AVE 43613, ,580,5 Germination methodology check test (marginally cultivated species)

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination methodology check test AccessionFRAPOLDEU bag closed DEU side open DEU top open A. byzantina ssp. byzantina cult. Z utna kisa HRV1996DEU146AVE , ,5 A. byzantina ssp. byzantina var. aurea AUTDEU146AVE ,576,581 A. sativa var. nigra c ult. S tormogul Ii SWE1918SWE002NGB ,56992,5 A. sativa ssp. nudisativa var. chinensis c ult. P latek POL1974POL003PL ,586,528,588,5 A. sativa ssp. nudisativa var. chinensis Cult. Weißer Nackter Fahnen DEUDEU146AVE ,577,5 Standard cultivars from breeder A. sativa Cult. Aintree FRA1992FRA261AINTREE65,599,58598 A. sativa Cult. SW Argyle GBRSWE006SW Argyle7894,57994,5 A. sativa Cult. Zuton GBRGBR016Zuton8785,559,580,586 Germination methodology check test (cultivated oat)

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination tests total summary Year Lab Tests/ Days Total Accessions Avg Accessions per test (day) Germinability Infestation Fusarium 2008DEU ,154,957,23,1 FRA ,450,20,11,9 POL821126,481,113,86,7 2009DEU ,968,8453,1 FRA730042,958,500 POL ,814,56,3

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination results species wise – wild species DEUFRAPOL SpeciesYear N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max A. barbata A. brevis A. canariensis A. clauda A. damascena A. fatua A. hirtula A. hybrida A. sterilis A. sterilis A. wiestii

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination results species wise DEUFRAPOL SpeciesYear N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max Marginally cultivated species A. abyssinica A.abyssinica A. strigosa A. strigosa Cultivated oats A. byzantina A. byzantina A. sativa A. sativa

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Fusarium [%] results species wise – wild species DEUFRAPOL SpeciesYear N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max A. barbata ,5 3,5 6,51 2, ,5 3 5, A. brevis ,5 0, A. canariensis A. clauda A. damascena ,5 0,54 23,5 4 4,5 A. fatua ,5 2,5 69 0,06 0, ,5 2, A. hirtula , , A. hybrida , A. sterilis ,5 2, A. sterilis , A. wiestii

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Fusarium results [%] species wise – cultivated species DEUFRAPOL SpeciesYearN Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max N Min Avg Max Marginally cultivated species A. abyssinica ,5 4, ,33 6,50 A. abyssinica ,5 2,7 6, ,25 7,5 A. strigosa ,5 2, ,5 0,62 4,5350,5 7,8 17,5 A. strigosa ,5 2,32 5, ,1 7 8 Cultivated oats A. byzantina ,47 6,5163 1, ,17 15,5 A. byzantina , , , 9 18 A. sativa , ,49 20, ,5 28 A. sativa , , 8 26

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination check results compared with germination test 2007/2008 SpeciesAccession Germinability (2007/2008) FRA Check POL Check DEU Check Side open DEU Check Top open barbata DEU146AVE ,5 (DEU) 7589, clauda BGR001A2E (DEU) 5250, damascena POL003PL (POL) 32,5 97,5 94,5 fatua DEU146AVE (DEU) 47,579,5 83,5 82 fatua DEU146AVE (DEU) 6381, ,5 sterilis DEU146AVE ,5 (DEU) 77,571,586

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Germination check results compared with germination test 2007/2008 SpeciesAccession Germinability (2007/2008) FRA Check POL Check DEU Check Side open DEU Check Top open Marginally cultivated species abyssinica BGR001BGR (DEU) 2554, abyssinica DEU146AVE (DEU) strigosa RUS (DEU) 73, strigosa POL003PL (POL) 60, strigosa DEU146AVE (DEU) 13,578 67,5 80,5 Cultivated oats byzantina DEU146AVE (POL) 29, ,5 byzantina DEU146AVE (DEU) ,5 81 sativa SWE002NGB (POL) 82 95,5 92,5 sativa POL003PL (POL) 42,5 86,5 88,5 sativa DEU146AVE ,5 (DEU) ,5 77,5

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Conclusion Main problem reducing germinability: Excess of water!

AGRI GENRES 061: Avena genetic resources for quality in human consumption (AVEQ), March, 2009, Quedlinburg Thanks for your attention