Body Systems

Skeletal System (p. 850) function – to protect and support axial – skull, rib cage, vertebral column appendicular –pectoral & pelvic girdles, arms, legs 206 bones in human body cranium scapula coccyx carpals maxilla sternum humerus femur mandible rib cage metacarpals radius clavicle vertebral column (vertebrae) ulna pelvis sacrum phalanges tibia patella fibula metatarsals tarsals

Muscular System (p. 856) function – move skeleton & contract organs parts: masseter (in cheek) sternocleidomastoid (in neck) trapezius (back) pectoralis major (chest) biceps (upper arm) triceps (upper arm –underneath) external oblique – (sides) rectus abdominus – (abdominals)

Muscular System gluteus maximus – (buttocks) rectus femoris – (thigh) vastus lateralis – (outer side of thigh) sartorius – (diagonal across thigh) gastrocnemius –(calf) deltoid – (shoulder) Muscle tissue types: 1) cardiac – heart muscle 2) skeletal – on bones 3) smooth (visceral) – covers organs

Digestive System (p. 906) function – to take in, break down, & absorb nutrients & eliminate solid waste digestive tract* (alimentary canal, GI tract) pathway: mouth* - takes in food; begins chemical & physical digestion salivary glands – secrete saliva pharynx* - where food is swallowed esophagus* - transports food to stomach cardiac sphincter

Digestive System stomach* - stores & grinds food into chyme ( a soupy mix) pyloric sphincter small intestine* - (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) – absorbs nutrients villi – lining of small intestine; create more surface area liver – produces bile gall bladder – stores bile pancreas – secretes digestive enzymes

Digestive System large intestine* – (colon) – reabsorbs water rectum* - last part of colon anus* - releases waste bolus – ball of food created by chewing/mixing with saliva peristalsis – involuntary rhythmic contractions of digestive tract

Respiratory system (p. 885) function – exchange gases (take in O2 & release CO2 & excess water) parts: mouth/nose – take in air pharynx trachea – transport air to/from lungs epiglottis – covers trachea when swallowing bronchi – branches of trachea (same function) bronchioles – branches of bronchi (same function) alveoli – gas exchange diaphragm – causes lungs to expand/contract