2. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

3. THIS IS THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BODY.

4. A system is made up of several organs and tissues that work together to carry out a particular job(s). The heart, together with other organs such as the blood vessels, form the circulatory system. The biceps, triceps and all the other muscles of the body form the muscular system. Body Systems

5. The body has several systems which are involved in sport. Can you name them? CirculatoryRespiratoryMuscular SkeletalDigestive Hormonal Nervous Body Systems involved in Sport & Exercise

6. We have already looked at the physiology (function) of the body when we studied the CIRCULATORY and RESPIRATORY systems. We will now look at the structure of the body, and in particular: 1.BONES 2.FUNCTION OF THE SKELETON 3.JOINTS 4.MUSCLES

7. BONES

8. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BONES AND THE SKELETON ? 1.MOVEMENT 2.PROTECTION of vital organs. 3.THE PRODUCTION OF BLOOD in the Bone Marrow. 4.POSTURE

9. Functions of the Skeleton - Summary 3. Blood Production Red blood cells are made in the ribs and limb bones. 6. Protection The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs. 7. Movement The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, run and sprint. 5. Support The vertebrae support the head. 4. Support The bones of the legs support the body. 1. Protection The cranium protects the soft tissue of the brain. 2. Movement The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

10. Protection The hard nature of bone means that the skeleton can protect the more delicate parts of the body. Examples: The cranium (skull) protects the soft tissue of the brain. The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs.

11. Without the skeleton, the body would be flabby and shapeless. Examples: The bones of the legs support the body. The vertebrae support the head. Support

12. The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move when the muscles attached to them contract. Example: The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint. Movement The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

13. Red and white blood cells are made in red bone marrow which is found at the ends of the femur and humerus and in the ribs, sternum, pelvis and vertebrae. : Femur: Located in the upper part of the leg. : Humerus: Located in the upper part of the arm. Blood Cell Production Red Bone Marrow

16. WHAT BONES DO WE NEED TO KNOW AND WHERE THEY ARE SITUATED ? 1.CRANIUM 2.CLAVICLE 3.SCAPULA 4.STERNUM 5.RIBS 6.VERTEBRAL COLUMN 7.HUMERUS

17. 8. RADIUS 9. ULNA 10. ILIUM 11. CARPALS 12. META CARPALS 13. PHALANGES 14. FEMUR 15. PATELLA 16. TIBIA

18. 17. FIBULA 18. TARSALS 19. META TARSALS 20. PHALANGES