CHAPTER 9 INDIA (500 b.c.e – 500 c.e.)

MAURYAN EMPIRE

CHANDRAGUPTA First empire Efficient govt. Military expansion

PATALIPUTRA 18 sq. mi. Largest city

GOVT. Provinces, districts Secret police

MILITARY 700k men Expansion, power

ECONOMY Mining, manufacturing Infrastructure Foreign trade State-controlled Promote private investment

ASHOKA Grandson Most popular ruler Buddhism official religion ▫Expansion Religious toleration

MAURYAN DECLINE After Ashoka’s death Logistical issues ▫Large empire

GUPTA ( ) Reunite India Cultural renaissance

GUPTA Politically, economically same as Mauryan Smaller land, bureaucracy Religious toleration ▫Hinduism favored ▫brahmans

ART/LITERATURE Love of life ▫Lovers embracing, musicians, dancers Golden age of lit. ▫Religious, philosophical, drama ▫Poetry, adventures ▫Thieves, courtesans, beasts ▫Kama Sutra”

SCIENCE Learning stimulus Buddhist university (Nalanda) ▫Foreigners 1-9, “zero” ▫Influences Math, astronomy ▫Cube roots, sines, factors

MEDICINE Hospitals – free Animals Sterilized wounds Cesarean operations Plastic surgery Known diseases, treatments: ▫Jaundice, abcess, tumor, diarrhea, fever Leprosy treatment ▫Unknown to west for centuries

BUDDHISM India Challenge Hinduism Nonviolence Major religion: Asia Siddhartha Guatama Monasticism

BELIEFS End rebirth: Nirvana Moral conduct and meditation Sorrow everywhere

4 NOBLE TRUTHS 1.Suffering dominates 2.Why? 3.We can rid of suffering 4.Follow 8 fold path to Nirvana

JAINISM Challenged Hinduism India, 5 th century B.C. Mahavira

BELIEFS Ahimsa: nonviolence All things – jiva (soul) No meat and wine Hindu beliefs ▫Karma ▫Moksa Different path to pursue Moksa

BELIEFS Ultimate goal: ▫Renounce world ▫Wandering monk, nun

BELIEFS No meat and wine Fasting Five virtues: ▫Non-violence ▫Truth ▫Do not steal ▫Chastity ▫Worldly things

JAINISM Drastic beliefs