1. India & Southeast Asia

2. The Vedic Age Aryas v.Dasas Varna Class Structure =
Brahmin (Priests/Scholars)
Kshatriya (Warriors)
Varshya (Merchants)
Shudra (Peasant/Laborers)
Untouchables (Demeaning work)
Jati = Subdivision of the 4 main Varna (Caste)
Rules (Jobs, duties, interaction among Jati groups)
Religion / Role of Women
Worship via sacrafice
Study, participate in rituals, own property

3. Jainism, Buddhism & Hinduism
Formed by monopoly of the Brahmins
Jainism
Founded: Mahavira
Nonviolence to all living things
Buddhism
Founder: Siddhartha Gautama
The Four Noble Truths / Eightfold Path to Enlightenment
2 Sects = Mahayana (new) & Theraveda (old)
Hinduism
Reformed Vedic Religion
Devotion to the gods (Vishnu, Shiva, & Devi) = 1 Divine Force
Puja & Pilgrimage (Ganges river)
Dominant Religion

4. The Mauryan Empire 324-184 BCE
Formed from Kingdom of Magadha
Strategic Geographic Location
Agricultural & Iron Resources
Mauryan Government
Capitol: Pataliputra
Large Army
25% Agricultural Tax
State Monopolies (mines, ships, weapons)
Notable Leaders
Founder: Chandragupta
Ashoka = Buddhism state adopted religion (Buddhist empire!)
Era of Political Fragmentation
Economic & Cultural Development
North = Guilds / Deccan State
Central = Religious authority / Urbanization
South = Artistic / 3 kingdoms

5. The Gupta Empire 320-550 CE Magadha Kingdom…again
Controlled Central & Northern India
Copied Mauryan Govt. Structure
Except: Weak military & theatre-state
Gupta Culture
Trade with SE Asia
Literacy / Mathematics Arabic numerals & concept of zero
Women = No right to own land, treated like Shudra, married young, social status determined treatment
Religion = Hinduism / Tolerant
Collapse = Military Spending (Huns)
Southern India
Warrior Kingdoms (Pallavas & Cholas)

6. Southeast Asia 50-1025 CE 3 Geographic Zones
Indochina Mainland
Malay Peninsula
Islands
Natural Resources & Agriculture
Fertile soil / Several Growing Seasons
Domestic Animals / Agricultural Products
Swidden = Slash & Burn agriculture
Migrations
Malay peoples from Southern China
First Major State = Funan
1st thru 6th Century
Mekong Delta