Logic Propaganda – Persuasive Devices SPI. 3002.5.5 Select the persuasive device Identify and analyze persuasive devices that are used in written and oral communication (e.g., bandwagon, loaded words, testimonial, name-calling, plain folks, snob appeal, misuse of statistics, transfer).

Are you an unthinker? Rhetoric is the art of persuading someone. Unless you live as a hermit, totally isolated from people, rhetoric is a vital skill. Propaganda is a subset of rhetoric, in which they speaker/writer attempts to manipulate the audience with emotion or fallacious reasoning. Propaganda is commonly found in speeches and writings of politicians and lawyers, as well as in advertising. In other words, propaganda is commonly used by experts in convincing people. Because of propaganda’s appeal to emotion, use of fallacious reasoning, and appeal to membership in groups, propaganda appeals to an audience that is either irrational or unthinking (Standler, 2).

Persuasive Devices Bandwagon Loaded words Testimonial Name-calling Plain folks Snob appeal Misuse of statistics Anecdotes Emotional appeal Transfer

Bandwagon Do it because everyone else is – copycat.

Loaded words strong emotional overtones or connotations, ... Loaded language is often used by news broadcasters as a propaganda  technique

Testimonial A famous person recommends a product. If they use it you should too.

Name-calling – insults the competition Plain folk – appeals to the regular guy. – He is just like you wearing Wrangler. Snob appeal – appeals to the rich or wanna-be rich

Misuse of statistics Skewing graphs and charts to fit their needs. This real estate graph from the New York Times has zoomed in on the area from 100-150 and magnified the growth in the last 15 years 2012 election fact checker

Compare the statistics

Emotional appeal Appealing to one’s emotions to sell a product or idea.

Transfer Transfer is the process of getting you to feel the same way about the product that you feel about something else. Transfer clip

Propaganda in History Sower of Peace North Korea Israel Politics!!!! Naziism – Joseph Goebbels reflects on the past year during World War II. He implies that the Nazis are innocent and concludes: Therefore in this hour as we bid farewell to a great year and enter a new one, the homeland greets the front. We greet soldiers in bunkers and the front lines, at airbases and in the navy. The homeland and the front join in a common greeting to the Führer. May a gracious fate keep him healthy and strong; then we will look with assurance into the future. Today more than ever he is Germany, the faith of our people, and the certainty of its future. We bow in honor before the great sacrifices of our people. The sacrifices of the past and those yet to come must not be in vain. We owe that to the Reich and its future. As we raise our hearts in grateful thanks to the Almighty, we ask his gracious protection in the coming year. We do not want to make it difficult for him to give us his blessing. We want to work and fight, and say with that Prussian General: “Lord, if you cannot help us or choose not to, we ask at least that you do not help our damned enemies!” Sower of Peace

Use these techniques in an advertisement In your groups you have will have 15 minutes to create an advertisement. You will be given a product to advertise with the persuasive device you need to use to persuade the reader to purchase your product. You may create a magazine advertisement with pictures and words or create a 30 second live action commercial. You may use anything in the room for this project. Be prepared to present your advertisement to the class. Each person must take on a role in the group. Read the instructions for the role you are assigned. I will be grading not only your success of the advertisement but also the way you carry out your personal role.

Deductive Reasoning Evaluates deductive arguments. Shows that a conclusions follows a set of premises or hypotheses. 1. all men are mortal 2. Socrates is a man 3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal

Inductive reasoning Educated guess Evaluates inductive arguments The premise indicates a degree of support. They suggest truth but do not ensure it. 1. Every life form we know of depends on liquid water to exist 2. All life depends on liquid water to exist Allows for the possibility that the conclusion is false, even where all of the premises are true. All of the swans we have seen are white. All swans are white.

Deductive & Inductive Reasoning Deduction and induction are two kinds of reasoning.  The difference between them lies in the relation that purportedly exists between the argument's premises and its conclusion. In deductive reasoning, the person offering the argument takes it that the premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion. If the premises are true, it's impossible that the conclusion could be false.  Deductive reasoning doesn't go beyond the information that's already contained in the premises. This doesn't mean that all deductive arguments will have true premises (see 'Soundness') Neither does it mean that all deductive arguments make solid logical connections between the premises and the conclusion (see 'Validity') In inductive reasoning, the premises are intended to give some evidence that the conclusion is true.  If the premises are true, the conclusion is probably true (but could still turn out to be false). Inductive reasoning purports to extend our knowledge, i.e., to draw a conclusion which goes beyond the information contained in the premises.

Works Cited http://www.rbs0.com/propaganda.pdf