Chapter 1 The Scope of Biology Applied Biology Mrs. Musselman

How do you know that a sunflower is a living thing??? Make a list! Hint: –What makes you living? Need Energy? How does a plant get it??? There are many more!!! What makes something “Living”?

There are 6 characteristics of a living things! (“All or None” system) All living things are: 1. Made of cells –“building blocks of life” 2. Use energy –Plants use the sun energy (sunlight) to make their own food (producers) –Animals get energy by eating plants or other animals (consumers)

Characteristic of Living Things (cont.) 3. Have features to help them adapt to their surroundings –Camouflage, blend in with surroundings, ability to store water 4. React to changes in their surroundings –Living things react to stimuli (light, sounds, etc.) 5. Change / develop during their lifetimes –Changes in appearance or size (growth) 6. Reproduce –Produce more organisms of their own kind

Biology: Global to Microscopic Scale Organizational Levels of Life: Biosphere/Earth (biggest!) Ecosystem Organism Cells DNA & Genes

AKA Earth Includes all parts of the planet –Bodies of water –Land –Atmosphere (several kilometers high) Biosphere

Area that includes all the living things and non-living features in an environment Example –Woodland Ecosystem (includes trees, plants, squirrels, sunlight, water, air) Variety all over the earth!! Ecosystem

Individual living things –Large – elephant, squirrel, ant –Microscopic – can’t be seen with human eye. Ex. Bacteria FYI: Interactions between all organisms of a community make ecosystems a dynamic (constantly changing) place. Organism

Warm-Up How could you prove to someone that a frog is alive? Hint: There are 6 Things!!!!!

Life’s smallest unit of structure Microscopic Control center = nucleus Cell Theory 1.Life’s basic units of structure and function 2.Cells come from pre-existing cells 3.All organisms are made of one or more cells Cells

Contain inheritable information Responsible for passing off traits to offspring (ex. Eye color) Found in the nucleus of the cell Genes are the building blocks of DNA DNA & Genes

Biology Explores Life’s Diversity Species Diversity Classification 3 Domains of Life –Eukarya –Archaea –Bacteria

SPECIES - A Distinct form of life that can reproduce with each other FYI: New species found daily ( ~1.5 million total) Species diversity – variety of species in a given area Example: The Tropical Rain Forest has MANY different species (thousands insects, plants, animals)…thus it has high species diversity

Take a guess! How many MARINE (ocean) species of fish are there on the Earth?

And the Answer is… According to: ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2003) there was about 20,000 species of marine fish. Just for Fun: Check out all these newly found species of starfish! Totally Cool Starfish!

CLASSIFICATION A system of putting organisms in categories based on similar characteristics.

Duck Crab Shark Whale Butterfly Lion Alligator Spider Grizzly bear Squirrel WALK FLY SWIM 1. How could I classify these animals?

3 DOMAINS OF LIFE Domain – broadest category in classifying life forms 1.Eukarya 2.Bacteria 3.Archaea

The Breakdown!! LIFE EUKARYA PLANTSANIMALSPROTISTSFUNGI BACTERIAARCHAEA 3 Domains

Warm-Up 1.Put the levels of biological organization in order from largest to smallest: Cells DNA & Genes Biosphere Organism Ecosystem 2. What are the 3 Domains (groups) that ALL living things can be classified into?

The Breakdown!! LIFE EUKARYA PLANTSANIMALSPROTISTSFUNGI BACTERIAARCHAEA 3 Domains

Eukaryotic Vs Prokaryotic Organisms Eukaryotic Organisms Complex organisms In Domain Eukarya Multicellular (many-celled) Cells contain a Nucleus! Prokaryotic Organisms Simple organisms In Domains Bacteria & Archaea Unicellular (1-celled) NO Nucleus in cell!

Domain Eukarya –Multicellular & complex –Eukaryotic organisms –Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Domain Bacteria –Single cell, simple, prokaryotic organisms –Example: Streptococcus (bacteria that causes strep)

Archaea –“Extreme” bacteria –Live in (hot, salty, CRAZY ) places