1. Levels of Classification …But mostly Domains and Kingdoms…

2. Levels of Classification Scientists use classification to help study and organize life on Earth. Scientists use classification to help study and organize life on Earth. There are several levels of classification to further break down how closely organisms are related. The broadest level is at the top of the list, the most specific at the bottom. There are several levels of classification to further break down how closely organisms are related. The broadest level is at the top of the list, the most specific at the bottom.

3. Levels of Classification Levels of classification from broadest to most specific: Levels of classification from broadest to most specific: Domain Domain Kingdom Kingdom Phylum Phylum Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus Species Species

4. Domains and Kingdoms Today, a three domain system of classification is commonly used. Today, a three domain system of classification is commonly used. The three domains are: The three domains are: Bacteria Bacteria Archaea Archaea Eukarya Eukarya

5. How are Domains and Kingdoms determined? Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on 3 things: Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on 3 things: Their cell type Their cell type How they obtain energy How they obtain energy The number of cells in their bodies The number of cells in their bodies

6. Cell Type Eukaryote: Cells that have a nucleus. Eukaryote: Cells that have a nucleus. Prokaryote: Cells that do not have a nucleus. Prokaryote: Cells that do not have a nucleus.

7. How Organism’s Obtain Energy Autotroph: Organisms capable of producing their own food from the Sun’s energy, or from inorganic chemical material. Autotroph: Organisms capable of producing their own food from the Sun’s energy, or from inorganic chemical material. Heterotroph: Organisms that cannot produce their own food and obtain their energy from eating others. Heterotroph: Organisms that cannot produce their own food and obtain their energy from eating others.

8. Number of Cells Unicellular: An organism made of just one cell. Unicellular: An organism made of just one cell. Multicellular: A complex organism made up of many cells. Multicellular: A complex organism made up of many cells.

9. The Domains: Bacteria Members of the domain bacteria are prokaryotes. These cells do not have a nucleus Members of the domain bacteria are prokaryotes. These cells do not have a nucleus In prokaryotes, nucleic acids are not contained within a nucleus. In prokaryotes, nucleic acids are not contained within a nucleus. Some bacteria are autotrophs while others are heterotrophs. Some bacteria are autotrophs while others are heterotrophs. All bacteria are unicellular, meaning they are made of just one cell. All bacteria are unicellular, meaning they are made of just one cell.

10. Domains: Archaea Comes from the Greek word meaning “ancient” Comes from the Greek word meaning “ancient” Can be found in the most extreme environments on Earth: Can be found in the most extreme environments on Earth: Hot Springs Hot Springs Very Salty Water Very Salty Water Swamp land Swamp land Cow intestines! Cow intestines!

11. Domains: Archaea (cont.) Like bacteria, they are unicellular prokaryotes. Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs Like bacteria, they are unicellular prokaryotes. Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs They are classified in a different domain then bacteria because they have a different structure and chemical makeup to that of a bacterium. They are classified in a different domain then bacteria because they have a different structure and chemical makeup to that of a bacterium.

12. Domains: Eukarya Eukaryotic cells are those which contain a nucleus Eukaryotic cells are those which contain a nucleus The domain Eukarya is split into 4 kingdoms: The domain Eukarya is split into 4 kingdoms: Protists Protists Fungi Fungi Plants Plants Animals Animals

13. Kingdom: Protists Protists: A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant or fungus. Protists: A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant or fungus. Members are very different from one another, so it is often referred to as the “odds and ends” kingdom. Members are very different from one another, so it is often referred to as the “odds and ends” kingdom. Can be either an autotroph or heterotroph or both! Can be either an autotroph or heterotroph or both! Most are unicellular but some, such as seaweeds, are large multicellular organisms. Most are unicellular but some, such as seaweeds, are large multicellular organisms.

14. Kingdom: Fungi Mushrooms, mold, and mildew are all members of the Fungi kingdom. Mushrooms, mold, and mildew are all members of the Fungi kingdom. Most are multicellular, but some, such as yeast, are unicellular eukaryotes. Most are multicellular, but some, such as yeast, are unicellular eukaryotes. All fungi are heterotrophs. They live almost anywhere on land but very few also live in fresh water. All fungi are heterotrophs. They live almost anywhere on land but very few also live in fresh water. Most fungi feed from absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organisms. Most fungi feed from absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organisms.

15. Kingdom: Plants Dandelions, mosses and peas are all examples of the plant kingdom. Dandelions, mosses and peas are all examples of the plant kingdom. Plants are all multicellular eukaryotes, most live on land. Plants are all multicellular eukaryotes, most live on land. They are ALWAYS autotrophs, and they provide food for most heterotrophs on land They are ALWAYS autotrophs, and they provide food for most heterotrophs on land This kingdom is home to much diversity, containing redwood trees that can be gigantic and mosses that never grow more than a few centimeters. This kingdom is home to much diversity, containing redwood trees that can be gigantic and mosses that never grow more than a few centimeters.

16. Kingdom: Animals A dog, a flea in a dog’s ear, or a cat that a dog chases are all part of the animal kingdom. A dog, a flea in a dog’s ear, or a cat that a dog chases are all part of the animal kingdom. They are ALL multicellular and ALL heterotrophs They are ALL multicellular and ALL heterotrophs Animals have different adaptations that allow them to locate, capture, eat, and digest food Animals have different adaptations that allow them to locate, capture, eat, and digest food Animals can be found basically anywhere on the planet, living in a wide variety of environments Animals can be found basically anywhere on the planet, living in a wide variety of environments