Periodic Table

Arrangement of elements Arranged by – Periods Rows Same number of electron shells 7 Total – Groups Columns Same number of valance electrons (electrons in outer shell) 18 Total – Families Similar chemical properties Examples: Alkali Metals, Alkaline metals, Transition Metals, Rare Earth Elements, Halogens, Noble Gases Hydrogen and Helium – Special Elements

Periods and Groups Periods – Rows – 7 Total Groups – Columns – 18 Total

Elements are Grouped By Type Metals – Majority of Elements – Solid and Shiny – Conduct Electricity and Heat Nonmetals – 17 (includes hydrogen) – Liquid/Gas – Brittle Metalloids – Either side of the staircase – Semimetals

Families Elements in each family have similar properties Alkali Metals – Group 1 (no H) Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2 Transition Metals - Groups 3 – 12 Rare Earth Metals – Parts of Periods 6-7 Halogens – Group 17 Noble Gases – Group 18

Elements Symbol – Used to identify element – Not always first letter – Sometimes Latin Name Ex. Gold = Au = Aurum Atomic Number – # of Protons – # of Electrons Atomic Mass – # of Protons minus the # of Neutrons

Element Practice Fill in the blanks below. Phosphorus – Symbol: ________ – Atomic Number: ________ – Atomic Mass: ________ – Protons: ________ – Neutrons: ________ – Electrons: _________

Element Practice Fill in the blanks below. Phosphorus – Symbol: P – Atomic Number: 15 – Atomic Mass: 31 – Protons: 15 – Neutrons: = 16 – Electrons: 15