1. Periodic Table

2. Families on the Periodic Table
The families are the columns.
Elements can be grouped into families based:
chemical properties
Valance electron number
Each family has a certain valence electron number. How do you solve for the valence number?
Count the column it is in excluding the Transition Metals and that is the valence number.

3. What information can you find in each row?
As you go across the row from left to right the elements become less reactive.
As you go down the rows from top to bottom the atom becomes bigger. Why?
The atomic number increases having more protons so therefore the number of electrons increases as does the size of the atom.

4. Three Types of Matter are found on the Periodic Table . . .
Solids
Ex: Gold, Copper, Iron, Sodium, Meitnerium, Einstinium, Carbon
Liquids
Ex: Mercury, Bromine
Gas
Radon, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Helium, Hydrogen

5. Understanding the Periodic Table
Metals
Are found on the left side of the staircase
Physical Properties: Chemical Properties:
Luster corrosive
Ductile
Malleable
Conducts heat
Conducts electricity

6. Nonmetals Location: to the right of the staircase
Physical Properties: Chemical Properties:
no luster high electron affinity
dull in appearance less reactive than metals
brittle
not ductile and malleable
low density values
low melting points

7. Metalloids Location: found on both sides of the staircase
Include: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po and At.
Properties: they have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Metalloid means metallike.
Physical Properties:
solid
can be shiny or dull
can conduct heat and electricity
ductile and malleable

8. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water
Conduct electricity
Image:

9. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 electrons in the outer shell
White and malleable
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity

10. TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

11. BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals
Boron is a metalloid

12. CARBON FAMILY Group 4 4 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

13. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 electrons in the outer shell
Can share electrons to form compounds
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

14. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Reactive

15. Halogens Group 7 7 electrons in the outer shell All are non-metals
Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

16. Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Non-metals
8 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements

17. Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive
Includes the Lanthanoid Series and Actinoid Series
The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity

18. NOT ON MIDTERM: Draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for the Diatomic Molecules
NOT ON MIDTERM: Draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for Covalent Bonding
H2O
CH4
NH3
CCl4