Industry Chapter 11 Industry: manufacturing of goods in a factory An Introduction to Human Geography The Cultural Landscape, 8e James M. Rubenstein Chapter 11 Industry Industry: manufacturing of goods in a factory Utilizes a large number of people, machinery, and money to turn out valuable products. A generation ago, industry was highly clustered in a handful of MDC’s, but now has diffused to even LDC’s

Where is Industry Distributed? ¾’s of world’s industrial production is concentrated in 4 regions 1. Northwestern Europe & 2. Eastern Europe 3. Eastern North America 4. East Asia Less than 1% of world’s land is devoted to industry

World Industrial Regions Europe European countries competed with each other Western Europe:1 region Eastern Europe: 6…4 in Russia, Ukraine, Poland & Czech Republic North America Happened later, but developed faster Northeast U.S., Southeast Canada 5% of land but 1/3 of people and 2/3 output East Asia Isolated from world markets abundant cheap labor force South Korea, Taiwan Japan: highly skilled jobs at lower cost China: largest labor force in manufacturing

Europe Industrial Rev: originated in UK and Scotland High concentration of skilled workers, mechanics, inventors Coal and iron ore: Steel!!!! Diffusion of railway system corresponded with IR (TRADE!) Rhine-Ruhr Valley, Mid-Rhine, Northern Italy

Industrial Revolution Hearths Fig. 11-1: The Industrial Revolution originated in areas of northern England. Factories often clustered near coalfields.

Diffusion of Railways Fig. 11-2: The year by which the first railway opened shows the diffusion of railways and the Industrial Revolution from Britain.

Europe: Origin and Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Diffusion from the iron industry Diffusion from the textile industry Diffusion from the United Kingdom

North America Manufacturing in NE U.S.: iron and other minerals located here, first settlers here Biggest markets are located here Steel factories around Great Lakes St. Lawrence Valley: hydroelectric power Minimills for steel production: smaller, less process, one step as opposed to integrated mills: all jobs done at this mill to get final product

Manufacturing Regions Fig. 11-3: The world’s major manufacturing regions are found in North America, Europe, and East Asia. Other manufacturing centers are also found elsewhere.

Industrial Regions of North America Fig. 11-4: The major industrial regions of North America are clustered in the northeast U.S. and southeastern Canada, although there are other important centers.

Manufacturing Value Change Fig. 11-5: The value and growth of manufacturing in major metropolitan areas in the U.S. between 1972 and 1997.

Manufacturing Centers in Western Europe Fig. 11-6: The major manufacturing centers in Western Europe extend in a north-south band from Britain to Italy.

Manufacturing Centers in Eastern Europe and Russia Fig. 11-7: Major manufacturing centers are clustered in European Russia and the Ukraine. Other centers were developed east of the Urals.

East Asia Isolated from other world markets: forced to use own resources, Japan imports natural resources Japan: high quality, expensive products, low cost >>> workers paid less All on the coast or island countries for trade Few natural resources Wealth gap between east and west coast (east is urban, west is rural)

Manufacturing Centers in East Asia Fig. 11-8: Many industries in China are clustered in three centers near the east coast. In Japan, production is clustered along the southeast coast.