2. Where is Industry Located? Europe Western Europe United Kingdom Industrial Revolution What did the I.R. create? Rhine-Ruhr Valley Important industrial area Three Countries

4. Where is Industry Located? Mid-Rhine Central Industrial area in Europe Close to Iron Fields in France Northern Italy Po River Basin Textiles

5. Where is Industry Located? Eastern Europe Russia 19 th Century – Central and St. Petersburg Industrial Districts 20 th Century – Volga and Ural Industrial Districts Eastern Russia – Kuznetsk, Eastern Ukraine, and Silesia

7. Where is Industry Located? North America Industrial Revolution came after England U.S. Industrial Areas The Northeast New England, Mid-Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh – Lake Erie, Western Great Lakes Canada’s industrial areas

9. Where is Industry Located? East Asia Industrial power After WWII South Korea Taiwan Japan Tokyo-Yokohama Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto China World’s second largest Manufacturer

11. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Situation Factors – Transporting materials to and from a factory Site Factors – The unique characteristics of a location

12. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Situation Factors Proximity of Inputs Transportation increases costs. Put your plant close to your resources and the market. Copper Industry Bulk-reducing Industry Most copper is in Arizona, so the manufacturers are in Arizona.

14. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Situation Factors Proximity of Inputs Origin of Steel Industry A Bulk-reducing industry James Watt Henry Cort Abraham Darby Henry Bessemer

15. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? U.S. Steel Industry Iron Ore in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota Steel mills in Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, and Detroit Later, more mills in the Mid-west Recently more have been built in Los Angeles, Baltimore, and Trenton, New Jersey Steel industry is changing in the U.S.

17. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Proximity to Markets Bulk-Gaining Industries Soft Drink Bottling Fabricated metals and machinery Televisions, Refrigerators, Air conditioners, Cars, Motorcycles Single-market manufacturers Perishable Products Food, newspapers, etc.

18. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Ship, Rail, Truck, or Air Ship – Slow but Cheap Rail – Longer distances Truck – short distances Air – Quick but Expensive Break-of-Bulk points Transferring goods from one mode of transportation to another costs money

19. Situation Factors Activity. Answer the following on the back of the map. 1)What raw materials do you need to make your product? 2)Where are you going to get your raw materials? 3)Is yours a bulk-reducing or a bulk gaining industry? Explain. 4)Where are the markets you are going to sell to? 5)How are you going to get your product to the markets are cheaply as possible? Boat costs 20$, Train costs 40$, Truck costs 50$ per load. 6)Draw a picture of a factory where you want your factory. 7)Explain how come you put the factory in that location.

20. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Site Factors Labor Labor-intensive industry Not the same as a “High-Wage Industry” The textile industry is labor intensive, requires less skilled, low-cost workers

21. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Labor Intensive Example: Textile production Textile and Apparel Spinning Making thread was done by women A “Cottage Industry” Making Thread has changed since 1768

24. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Labor Intensive Example: Textile production Textile and Apparel Weaving Weaving requires more labor than Spinning LDCs produce much of the world’s fabric China and India dominate fabric production

26. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Labor Intensive Example: Textile production Textile and Apparel Assembly Four products: Garments, carpets, home products, and industrial uses The sewing machine made clothes easier to put together Different locations produce different types of clothing.

27. Why do Industries have Different Distributions? Land Land is critical for production Not all land is good Land near water is/was considered the best Capital Finances help create the business Often businesses pop up close to financial institutions Loans can help LDCs manufacturers

28. Where is Industry Expanding? Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing United States Before 1970, manufacturing was predominantly in the Northeast After 1970 the shift has been to the West and South. Right to Work laws What do the West and South provide?

31. Where is Industry Expanding? Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing Western Europe Shift from the northwest to the east and south European Union assists regions with lagging industrial development Spain

33. Where is Industry Expanding? New Industrial Regions Asia China Thailand India Latin America and South America Mexico Brazil Central Europe Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary

34. Why are location Factors Changing? ATTRACTION OF NEW INDUSTRIAL REGIONS Proximity to low-cost labor US, located near immigrant centers Location to interstate highway system Cost in wages Outsourcing Transfers jobs to LDCs

36. Why are location Factors Changing? RENEWED ATTRACTION OF TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL REGIONS Proximity to skilled Labor “Fordist” workers – No education necessary “Post-Fordist” workers – Need skills Teamwork Problem Solving Leveling

37. Why are location Factors Changing? Just-in-Time Delivery Reduces the amount of money tied up in wasteful inventory Must locate factories near suppliers Disruptions can be a problem Labor unrest Acts of god