1. Applies only to the manufacturing of goods Doesn’t include the following “industries:”  The recreation industry  The restaurant industry  The hospitality industry  The travel industry

2.  http://midamericafreight.org/wp- content/uploads/importance_figure6.png http://midamericafreight.org/wp-content/uploads/importance_figure6.png

3. http://blog.sourcemap.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/SourcemapScreenshot-1024x640.png

4. ¾ of world’s industrial production is in 4 regions  Northwestern Europe  Eastern Europe  Eastern North America  East Asia

6. United Kingdom  Industrial Revolution  Lagged after WWII  Technology Rhine Ruhr  Exceptional Site: Coal, Rivers  Site of Industrial Innovation Mid-Rhine  Exceptional Situation  Nearby Iron-Ore Northern Italy  Po River Valley  Lower labor costs  Textiles

11.  Situation: Transportation  Source to Factory  Factory to Market  Farther = Higher Costs  Bulk Reducing Industries:  Reduces Transportation Costs  Heavy resources  Copper, Steel  Forestry in Von Thunen’s Model

13.  Bulk-Gaining Industries  More Profitable to locate near markets

18.  Alfred Weber- German economist and sociologist  Theory that focuses on:  weight of raw and finished products  market location  Assumptions:  All production points w/in triangle  Uniform topography  Same economic, political, cultural values within triangle  Availability of transp. In all parts of triangle  Market is known to producer  Availability of Resources  Labor is infinitely available

19.  Industrialization takes place around a pole  Agglomeration of industry  Caused primarily by Transportation  Resources can lead to this http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/growthpoles.html

20. Vocab: Break of Bulk Point, Containerized Cargo

21. What is intensive labor ?

22. Cotton yarn Production

23. Cotton Fabric Production

24. Production of Boy’s and Men’s Trousers

26.  Money/Loans are mandatory for industry  Auto’s in Great Lakes  Silicon Valley,CA  High-Technology Industry  2/3 of new tech firms fail  ¼ of all capital in US is spent on new industries in Silicon valley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SanJoseCANightpanorama.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/San_Jose_California_aerial_view_ south.jpg

28.  Intraregion: From CBD to periphery  Suburbanization –  One story factories  cheaper land  accommodates changes in transportation (truck emphasis)  Interregional: From Clustered to new regions  Rust Belt to Sun Belt in US  Improved development in the South attract industry  Right-to-Work Laws: “Open Shop”  Los Angeles harbor 1910, Panama canal 1914, climate, low migrant labor opened up the West coast

29. Deindustrialization, Postindustrial

30. Global Industrial Production

31. 1980 – 80% of world steel produced in MDCs 2005 – 45% of world steel produced in MDCs Asia  Low cost labor  Large market for many products  Policy changes in China (multinational corp. permitted after 1990)  SEZs in China  Fewer Barriers and restrictions in India, Thailand, and Malaysia

33.  Protectionism was replaced by open markets  Maquiladoras in Mexico  Lower Wages than MDCs Central Europe: Poland, Hungary, Czech Rep.  Labor: Cheaper and less skilled than W. Europe, More costly but more skilled than Asia  Location

34.  Labor  Technology: Time-Space compression, Refrigeration  Outsourcing: Ex: Car Parts Why would Industry still locate in Traditional Regions such as NE US or NW Europe  Skilled Labor Force  Proximity of Universities  Proximity to Markets: Just-in-time Delivery

35. http://media.mcclatchydc.com/smedia/2012/02/16/17/04/1nJVgL.Sm.91.jpg

36. Vocabulary: Outsourcing

38. Fordism  Based on ideas of Henry Ford  Standardization through Machinery  Specialization of Labor  Assembly line work (utilizes less skill)  Specialized tools  Workers paid a higher wage due to lower # needed  Factories house large inventories to fuel quick production

39.  Popularized in the 1970s and 1980s  Mastered by Toyota in Japan  Lean Production  Just in Time Production  Reduces inventory costs  Specialized Products  More skilled workers that are responsible for mastering specialized tasks  Involves leveling