1. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. T4/3/12 Distribution of Industry Ch. 11.1 - pp. 342-349

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Origin of Industry –Traditionally, most goods made near home –Britain first saw shift from cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution in mid-18 th C. Cottage industries (“putting-out” system) – wool taken to homes for production –Impact of the Industrial Revolution especially great on iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, and food processing Required power source & inventions Most important was James Watt’s steam engine

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Origin of Industry (cont.) –A. iron – needed consistent heat Henry Cort – Fareham, England Reliance on iron production –B. coal – main energy source, replaces wood –C. transportation – rivers, canals, railroads (1820s & 1830s) RR’s develop later in continental Europe b/c of lack of cooperation b/w states –D. textiles – 1 st major industry Begin to be centrally located due to inefficiency of cottage industry & river power as initial energy source

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Origin of Industry (cont.) –E. chemicals – bleaching of cotton Sulfuric acid from burnt coal produced vitriolic acids used for dyes –F. food processing – began canning for urban areas & factory workers

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Figure 11-2

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Industrial Regions Figure 11-3

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Industrial Regions –A. Europe Emerged in late 19 th & early 20 th C. Began in Britain, diffused to continental Europe 1. U.K. –Began w/ steel & textiles –Quickly had outdated machinery –Kept pace w/ other industrial countries through WWII –Emphasized industrial growth w/ little gov’t intervention (“laissez-faire”) 2. Germany –Rhine-Ruhr Valley – major port of Rotterdam –Mid-Rhine region – internal Europe, used Rhine river as transportation source »Includes Alsace & Lorraine »Affected by Cold War – Frankfurt’s growth

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Industrial Regions –A. Europe (cont.) 3. Southern Europe –Po Basin (Italy) – textiles, cheap labor –NE Spain – Barcelona, more recent »Growth of car industry, but all foreign cars 4. Eastern Europe –Several Russian cities – Moscow, St. Petersburg (Leningrad) –Other Russian regions – Volga river cities, Ural Mountains, Kuznetsk region –Non-Russian regions – Donetsk (Ukraine) & Silesia (Poland & Czech Rep.) »All helped by Soviet desire for growth »Encouraged factory growth – compete w/ West »Gov’t run (public vs. private) »Many natural resources

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10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Industrial Regions –B. North America Industry arrived later but spread faster than in Europe U.S. has three major regions: –1. North East – oldest region »Began w/ textiles in New England (mill towns) »Mid-Atlantic region important for trade due to major cities (New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore) »Growth of Erie Canal – helps western NY & Great Lakes –2. Midwest – western PA’s natural resources »Pittsburgh – steel, iron »Great Lakes & river cities –3. California – cheap labor, fueled by WWII (Pacific theater) »Began w/ military production Canada – Southeastern Ontario –Location to U.S. markets & Great Lakes

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12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Industrial Regions –C. East Asia 1. Japan – fueled by post-WWII reconstruction –Cheap labor, later lost to SE Asian Dragons –Now focused on electronics & cars 2. China – more recent growth –1990s Chinese communist gov’t allows private foreign growth –3 major regions – all on Pacific coast »Guandgong & Hong Kong »Yangtze River Valley – Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan »Gulf of Bo Hai – Tianjin, Beijing, Shenyang

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