Where are they?

Plants and Algae in the Rocky Shores Algae – sub-littoral zone Lichens – splash zone and upper part of the littoral zone Flowering plants – back of the shore

Adaptation of Algae Dehydration – protected by a film of mucilage on the surface Strong wave – thallus modified into holdfast to hold onto substratum – flexible joints that allow them to bend – secrete calcium carbonate to make themselves tough

Brown algae Coralline algae Ulva

Lichens It usually found on bare rock surfaces and tree trunks surfaces It consist of a mutualistic association of an alga and a fungus Extremely sensitive to air pollution!

Halophytic adaptations of Flowering plants The soil water is quite salty and water absorption by root is relatively difficult.

Adaptations the cell sap accumulates a relatively high concentration of salts to facilitate water absorption store water for future use Scaevola

Adaptations the leaves are usually protected by a thick cuticle and the stomata are usually sunken have modified leaves to minimize the surface area exposed to air

Elephant’s ear Horsetail Tree Marine grass