Westward Expansion A changing United States

Industrial Revolution Began in 18th century Great Britain Many of the same resources found in the US – American trade came to a halt with blockades –Americans needed to invest their capital –Develop industries for manufacturing Began in 18th century Great Britain Many of the same resources found in the US – American trade came to a halt with blockades –Americans needed to invest their capital –Develop industries for manufacturing

New England Industrializes Changed from port cities to manufacturing 1793: Samuel Slater- first mechanized textile factory in America –Cotton Mill- manufactured thread Changed from port cities to manufacturing 1793: Samuel Slater- first mechanized textile factory in America –Cotton Mill- manufactured thread Slater Mill

New England Industrializes mechanized all stages in cloth manufacturing 1822 : Lowell Mills opened –Attracted thousands –Offer cash wages

Agriculture Differences North Small areas of farm land Mostly Self- Sufficient Little demand for slaves North Small areas of farm land Mostly Self- Sufficient Little demand for slaves South Remained agricultural center of country Cotton Gin: accelerated expansion of slavery

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin Before Cotton Gin workers cleaned 1 lb. of cotton per day After 1 worker cleaned 50 lbs. per day

The American System 1815: Plan designed to unite national economic interest North: produce goods the South & West would buy South & West: raise grain & meat for North to buy 1815: Plan designed to unite national economic interest North: produce goods the South & West would buy South & West: raise grain & meat for North to buy

The American System * Tariff of 1816 * Second Bank of the U. S. *Internal improvements at federal expense. - National Road Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser”

The American System WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide. * WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide. EAST  got the backing of protective tariffs from the West. EAST  got the backing of protective tariffs from the West.

Tariff of 1816 Tariff - put in place to take away the foreign advantage –Would pay for roads, canals & lighthouses North: liked idea b/c it helped their manufacturing South: disagreed b/c they did not depend on manufacturing Tariff - put in place to take away the foreign advantage –Would pay for roads, canals & lighthouses North: liked idea b/c it helped their manufacturing South: disagreed b/c they did not depend on manufacturing

Second National Bank of the US National bank would benefit all regions Regions were issuing their own money –Banks & businesses only honored their regional currency Made business difficult 1816: Second National Bank creates national currency –20 year charter National bank would benefit all regions Regions were issuing their own money –Banks & businesses only honored their regional currency Made business difficult 1816: Second National Bank creates national currency –20 year charter

Internal Improvements: Erie Canal 363 miles long Links the Hudson River to Lake Erie Canal tolls paid for construction in 12 years Made NYC dominant port of country Other states build 3,000 miles of canal by 1837

Election of 1816 James Monroe of Virginia elected Last leader of revolutionary generation to be elected During administration country grew at amazing rate

John Quincy Adams Secretary of State Lets national interest guide foreign policy

Nationalism & Foreign Policy Security & Expansion British –Demilitarize common border –Border at 49th parallel up to the Rockies –Jointly occupy Oregon Territory Spanish –Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) Ceded Florida to United States Security & Expansion British –Demilitarize common border –Border at 49th parallel up to the Rockies –Jointly occupy Oregon Territory Spanish –Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) Ceded Florida to United States

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri wanted to join union as a slave state Maine joins as a free state –Preserves the Balance in Senate 1820 Missouri wanted to join union as a slave state Maine joins as a free state –Preserves the Balance in Senate

Monroe Doctrine-1823 Renewal of European interest in Western Hemisphere –Caused Monroe to adopt a nationalist foreign policy During a message to Congress Monroe warned: –European countries not to interfere in Western hemisphere affairs Renewal of European interest in Western Hemisphere –Caused Monroe to adopt a nationalist foreign policy During a message to Congress Monroe warned: –European countries not to interfere in Western hemisphere affairs

Adams Foreign Policy