Classification

I. Introduction A.Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities B. Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms

II. How Are Organisms Classified? 1.Structure a. etc. bones 2. Evolutionary history 3. Development a. embryology

4. Biochemistry a. DNA/RNA 5. Behavior a. mating rituals

III. History of Classification A. Aristotle divided organisms into plants and animals

B. Linnaeus grouped organisms on the basis of structure 1. Created 2-word naming system called binomial nomenclature a. 1st word identifies the genus in which the organism belongs- always capitalized b. 2nd word is descriptive of the organism. It is lowercase.

c. Names are Latinized. d. No 2 organisms have the same scientific name. e. Scientific names are written as follows: 1) Genus species or Genus species 2) Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

Canis familiaris : Domestic dog Felis domesticus Domestic cat Carassius auratus Goldfish Pogona vitticeps Bearded Dragon Rosa macdub Red Rose

C. Why give scientific names? 1. Some organisms have more than one common name. Ex. English sparrow and house sparrow 2. Two organisms may have the same common name Ex. Roaches

3. Common names may not accurately describe an organism. Ex. Seahorse

IV. The 7 Taxonomic Categories A.Example of the bobcat CategoryClassification KingdomAnimalia PhylumChordata ClassMammalia OrderCarnivore FamilyFelidae GenusLynx SpeciesRufus

B. What is a bobcat’s scientific name? 1. Lynx rufus or Lynx rufus

V. Kingdoms of Life A.Eubacteria & Archeabacteria 1. Only prokaryotes 2. Microscopic 3. Almost all unicellular 4. Bacteria 5. Found in all habitats 6. Heterotrophic or autotrophic 7. Ex. E. coli, Oscillatoria

B. Protista 1. Eukaryotes 2. Unicellular and Multicellular 3. Found in moist environments 4. Ex. Paramecium, algae

Protozoa Amoeba Red tide caused by dinoflagellates

C. Fungi 1. Eukaryote 2. Unicellular or multicellular 3. Heterotroph 4. Decompose dead organisms and wastes in the environment 5. Stationary- don’t move 6. Ex. Mushrooms, yeasts, molds

D. Plantae 1. Eukaryotic 2. Multicellular 3. Stationary 4. Photosynthetic autotrophs 5. Ex. Ferns, flowering plants

E. Animalia 1. Multicellular 2. Heterotrophs 3. Systems such as nervous and muscle 4. Ex. Insects, mammals, worms

F. Eubacteria & Archeabacteria used to be group into which kingdom? 1. Monera