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Classification of Living Things
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Big Question Why Do We Classify Organisms?
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A Need for Classification
Brings order to the great diversity of life forms Serves as a basis for identifying unfamiliar organisms Provides a logical means of naming organisms
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A process of grouping organisms
Classification A process of grouping organisms by similarities
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Taxonomy Branch of biology that groups and names organisms
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The Science of Classification
Scientist who classify or organize organisms (animals and plants) are called taxonomists. Taxonomists study taxonomy.
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The History of Organization
Aristotle BC Interested in biological classification. Patterns in nature. Carl Linnaeus AD Father of Biological Classification!
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Animals – classified on where they lived
Aristotle 2 Categories Plants and Animals Animals – classified on where they lived Land, water or air Plants – classified on the basis of structure and size Tree, shrub, herb Classify this video
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Grouped organisms by similar structure Created two-part naming system
Linnaeus Grouped organisms by similar structure Created two-part naming system Grouped similar species into same genus
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Binomial Nomenclature
2 word latin name (by Linneus) Uses genus and species name (or descriptive name) Italics is used and Genus is capitalized Quercus alba = white oak
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Genus Species Common Name
_______________________________________ Canis familaralis Canis lupus Felis domesticus Felis concolor Dog Wolf House Cat Mountain lion
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Dichotomous Key A series of paired statements used to identify organisms 1a. Has fur, go to…………………………2 b. Does not have fur……………………3 2a. Has straight fur………………………4 b. Has curly fur………………………….5 3a. Rough skin……………………………6 b. Smooth skin…………………………..7
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7 Classification Groups:
Kingdom (most inclusive) Phylum largest Class Order to Family Genus smallest Species (most specific) King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti Kings Played Cards On Fat Green Stools
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Levels of Classification
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Classification Levels
Phylum = Division for animals for plants
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Classification of life forms
3 Domains of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Includes various Kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Consist of PROKARYOTES Diversity of life forms clear to all
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The Three Domains
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Kingdoms of Life Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi
Archaea - extremophiles - Heat extremes - deep sea vents, hot springs Plantae Fungi Animalia
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MONERA EXTREMOPHILES SEPARATED INTO TWO Kingdoms ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA EXTREMOPHILES TRUE BACTERIA ANCIENT BACTERIA
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ARCHAEBACTERIA PROKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR UNICELLULAR
HETEROTROPH FOUND IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR HETEROTROPH LIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS SWAMPS, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS MORE COMPLEX THAN EUBACTERIA CELL WALL SEVERAL HUNDRED SPECIES
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ARCHAEBACTERIA EXTREME PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE
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ARCHAEBACTERIA THERMOPHILES HALOPHILES VENT BACTERIA
SALT-LOVING BACTERIA
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EUBACTERIA “TRUE BACTERIA” PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR
HETEROTROPH, couple AUTOTROPH STRONG CELL WALLS SOME CAUSE DISEASE, BUT MOST HARMLESS
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EUBACTERIA STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA
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PROTISTA EUKARYOTES UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR
NUCLEUS, MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS & AUTOTROPHS MOST VARIED GROUP LACK ORGAN SYSTEMS MOIST ENVIRONMENTS
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PROTISTA VOLVOX ALGAE PARAMECIUM
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FUNGI EUKARYOTIC SOME UNICELLULAR, MOST MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS
DECOMPOSERS (SAPROPHYTES) ABSORB FOOD THROUGH CELL WALLS
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FUNGI MUSHROOMS
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YEAST AND BREAD MOLD
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PLANTAE EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR AUTOTROPHS DO NOT MOVE
CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS CELL WALLS – CELLULOSE
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MOSSES FERNS FLOWERING PLANTS EVERGREEN TREES
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ANIMALIA EUKARYOTES MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS NEARLY ALL MOVE
NO CELL WALLS (MEMBRANE ONLY) CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS, SYSTEMS
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SPONGE INSECTS MAMMALS
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Stop here- next slide is key to kingdom matching lab
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E. Coli and Streptococcus Amoeba and Algae Yeast and Mushroom
Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Heterotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Autotroph Autotroph Unicellular Multicellular Unicellular Unicellular Multicellular Multicellular Multicellular Unicellular Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan Cell wall with peptidoglycan Cell wall of cellulose Cell wall of chitin Cell wall of cellulose No Cell wall Halophiles E. Coli and Streptococcus Amoeba and Algae Yeast and Mushroom Ferns and moss Sponge and Insects
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