Chapter 3 Review

Section 1 Population Population - total number of people in an area. –Population is distributed unevenly over Earth’s surface. –Demography tries to explain changes in population. –Generally, people don’t move without a reason. As long as people can make a living where they are, they stay put.

In the past most people lived on farms After the 1800’s – improved transportation and new ways of making things. –Railroads and steamships made it easier for people to move long distances. –New jobs in factories and offices caused people to move to cities.

Population Growth For many years the population grew slowly - Food was scarce - Farmers worked without modern machinery - No clean water or waste removal As a result, the death rate was high.

After the 1700’s things changed Death rates dropped sharply Birthrates increased in many countries and the population grew rapidly Causes –New farming methods increased the world’s food supply. (Green Revolution) –Advances were made in healthcare and medicine

Section 2 Migration Push Pull Theory –Push – Difficulties like war, few jobs, no political freedom push people to leave their home country –Pull – Hope for a better life pulls people to new countries Voluntary Migration Involuntary Migration –British sent prisoners to Australia –Transatlantic Slave Trade

Urbanization – Movement of people to cities and the growth of cities 1800’s growth of industry pulled people to cities –More opportunities –Better life

Urbanization causes problems Cities can’t keep up –Not enough housing, schools, jobs, hospitals, and other services –Traffic jams cause pollution **People still come to cities because they hope for a better life for themselves and their children.

Section 3 – Economic Systems Know what an economy is Know the difference between a producer and a consumer Know the types of economic systems –Capitalism –Communism –Mixed Economy

Know the four levels of economic activity –Primary industries –Secondary industries –Tertiary industries –Quaternary industries

Developed Nations –1/5 of the world’s population –Most people live in towns and cities –Machines do most of the work –Commercial farming Problems –Unemployment – not everyone can find a job –Pollution

Developing Nations –Most of the world lives in developing nations –Don’t have great wealth –Subsistence farming Challenges –Disease, food shortages, unsafe water –Poor education, poor healthcare, political unrest

World Trade Patterns –Countries trade with one another to take advantage of one another’s special strengths. –As the world has grown – countries have grown interdependent. Developed nations sell products made using advanced technology Developing nations tend to sell foods, natural resources and simple industrial products.

Countries form trade alliance to reduce costs of trade –U.S., Canada, and Mexico belong to NAFTA –Most European countries belong to the European Union Business Benefit – increased sales in other countries Consumers Benefit – may pay less for products from other countries

Section 4 Political Systems Know the types of governments International Organizations –Nations make agreements to work together in an alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization United Nations European Union