1. Population and Movement Pgs74-81

2. Population Growth Demographers are scientists that study human populations. They study the rate at which the population is growing. The birth rate and death rate are the number of births and deaths that occur in a year. – When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, the population grows.

3. Effects of Growth Population growth has positive effects such as producing and consuming more goods. This helps improve a countries economy and living standard. Population growth can also cause problems such as shortages of food, water, and medicine. – These problems occur most in poor developing countries. In these places the infant mortality rate is high.

4. Population Distribution A country’s population is the total amount of people living within it’s borders. Population Distribution is the spreading of people over an area of land. – The world’s population is unevenly distributed over the earth’s surface – One reason is because people try to live in places that fit their basic needs

5. Population density is the number of people per unit of land area (the number of people in a certain area) Population density allows us to see how settled an area is (how many people live in a certain area) Effects of Population Density – The more people per square mile, the more crowded – Cities with high populations have more crowded roads and living conditions. They also need more resources to fit people’s needs.

6. Migration Scientists believe that more than 50,000 years ago, early humans migrated from Africa to Asia People can migrate within a country or from one country to another.

7. Reasons for Migration 1.Search for jobs 2.Poverty 3.Harsh climate 4.War Push factors are reasons why a person leaves their home Pull factors attract people to new countries. Example: a good supply of jobs is a pull factor

8. Urbanization Urban areas are cities. Rural areas are human settlements in the country Urbanization is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. – Example: Many new jobs have been created in China’s cities this year. As a result, many Chinese workers have moved to cities to find jobs

9. Rapid Urbanization can create challenges for growing cities – Development of slums, or poor overcrowded neighborhoods. – Cities are not able to meet the basic needs of people such as enough food and clean water. – Lack of housing, schools, and hospitals Suburban sprawl is the spread of suburbs away from cities. As suburbs spread, they replaced farmland.