The Gilded Age
Gilded Age Refers to the time following the Civil War The age of the “new rich” due to industrialization and big business Glittering with showy wealth, but corrupt to the core
Social Darwinism The theory that stated the most competent people make it to the top, the weak fall
Labor Organizes Workers organized to maintain control over their wages and working conditions
Knights of Labor The first to last a long time Began as a union for tailors; later accepted all workers Pushed for an 8-hour work day By 1886 had 700,000 members
American Federation of Labor (AFL) Led by Samuel Gompers Organized from skilled workers Advocated using strikes to improve wages and hours Used boycotts as a means of peaceful protest
Haymarket Riots, Chicago, May 1886 Started with a strike at McCormick Harvester works for 8 hour day 7 police were killed by a bomb, 67 civilians injured Police fired and killed 10 strikers Result- public against labor unions
Homestead (Pa.) Strike, 1892 A strike by steel workers over wages Several people were killed Held out for 9 months, but public opinion went against the union People soon quit the union, returned to work, and steel worked were left unorganized for 40 years
Pullman Strike, 1894 American Railway Union was led by Eugene V. Debs Union struck against the Pullman Sleeping Car works Failed after the President issued an injunction – an order to end the strike Injunctions then became a powerful tool for the corporations in opposing strikers