1. Big Business and Labor

2. Agenda 1. Bell Ringer: 2. Notes: Big Business and Labor (25)
3. Labor Strike Timeline and Impact (20)
4. Homestead Strike Video (15)
5. Horizontal vs Vertical Integration Analysis (10)
6. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire News Article and Video (10)

3. Carnegie and business management
Carnegie steel became a huge business venture as he utilized the Bessemer Process, a more efficient means of making steel.
He also utilized means to consolidate the industry.
Horizontal Integration- Carnegie bought out competing steel producers.
Vertical Integration- Carnegie bought out suppliers, mines, and railroads to control every aspect of the process of making steel.

5. Social Darwinism
Used the idea of survival of the fittest when it came to business practices.
It was thought that the poor were lazy/inferior. And the rich worked hard to receive their goods.
It would also be used in Imperialism, as the idea of those with more technology could easily defeat tribal systems in Africa.

6. Consolidation Mergers were common during the time period.
Holding companies bought out the stock of other groups, US Steel was an example of this.
Rockefeller would use trust agreements, companies would combine, and then they would receive profits as “dividends”. This would allow him total control.
Robber Baron, someone who controls the market as well as the price of goods.

7. The formation of Labor Unions
These robber barons would lead to anti-trust legislation and labor unions.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act- you cannot form a company that impedes free trade.
It was hard to prosecute cases
Long hours and horrible working conditions led to unions forming.
12 hours workdays, 675 people killed in factories per week.
Child laborer made 27 cents a day
Woman made $267 a year
Male made $500 a year
Carnegie made $23,000,000 in a year

8. Diverging Interests
Knights of Labor and the National Labor Union were early organizations.
Supported 8 hour workday and equal pay.
Craft Unionism- skilled trades such as cigar makers and blacksmiths
Samuel Gompers- American Federation of Labor
Eugene v. Debs, American Railway Union
Major strikes and violence led to some unions declining.

9. Violence
Great Strike of Railroad strike protesting wage cuts. Federal troops had to end the strike.
Haymarket Affair- 3,000 showed up to protest police brutality of strikers at the McCormick Harvester Plant.
Homestead Strike- led by workers tired of wage cuts and poor conditions against Henry Frick. He would utilize the Pinkertons to take them down.
Pullman Strike- Cutting wages in a company town leads to violence.

10. Death
International Ladies’ Garment workers Union founded in Supported better working conditions in garment factories.
Distrust of workers led to only one door being open at a time.
Doors were chained shut to keep workers in the building.
1911, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire would lead to changes in the industry.