1. Weapons of Labor and Management

2. Weapons of Unions
Collective Bargaining - Union members negotiated conditions with management
Arbitration – Settling legal issues outside of the courts
Strike – Refusing to work
Picketing – Protesting outside of factory to stop others from going in
Boycott – Refuse to buy/use products from that factory

3. Weapons of Management
Blacklist – To make sure that workers would not find jobs anywhere else
Lockout – Lock workers out of work so they can’t be paid
Yellow Dog Contract – Part of contract NOT to join labor union
Strikebreakers (Scabs) - Brought in to keep production of factory going
Injunction – Court order to return to work/not strike

4. Early Labor Unions

5. Knights of Labor Membership – over 700,000 members
Leaders - Terence Powderly
Goals – Social reforms (8-hour work day, no child labor, opportunities for women)
Tactics – Strikes

6. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Membership – One Million
Leader – Samuel Gompers
Goals – Immediate changes (better hours, wages, conditions)
Tactics – “Bread and Butter” (peaceful bargain negotiations)

7. Great Railway Strike Started because of decrease in pay
President Hayes used the army to put down the strike
Resulted in little change

9. Homestead Strike Steel workers in Carnegie's plant 16 people killed
National Guard ended the strike
Fewer than 25% of striking workers would get their job’s back

11. Haymarket Riot Ended in a bomb blast
Knights of Labor blamed even though they had no direct connection
8 police officers and a number of civilians perished

13. Pullman Strike Railway manufacturing strike
Shut-down railroads all over the nation
President Cleveland sent in Federal troops
Government favored interests of business over labor