Life During Wartime Chapter 11 Section 3

Essential Question How did the Civil War bring about social and economic changes in American society?

African Americans in the Union Beginning of Civil War: Free Africans Americans attempted to enlist in the army. Not permitted because of 1792 law barring them from bearing arms in the U.S. Army. Why else would Lincoln fear accepting black men into the Union Army?

African Americans in the Union Militia Act of 1862: Legislation allowing African Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers. Emancipation Proclamation: Causes large scale enlistment. End of the Civil War; 10% of the army.

African Americans in the Union Discriminated Against Suffered Discrimination: Paid $10 per month Deducted $3 for clothing White Soldiers: Paid $13 per month No clothing deduction Served in segregated units. Commanded by white officers. Some failed to adequately train them.

African American Roles Relief Roles Nurses, Cooks, and Blacksmiths. Spies and Scouts (Black Dispatches) Valuable information about Confederate Forces, Plans, familiar terrain.

African Americans in the Union Mortality Rate was higher due to: Assigned labor duties and usually the first regiments that went into battle. Faced harsher treatment than white prisoners. Enslaved Executed

African Americans in the Union Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee: April 12, 1864 Union Garrison of 600 suffered 575 casualties. Dubbed a massacre: Black soldiers attempted to surrender, Confederate forces killed.

Slaves in the Confederacy Confederate Army: Slave Labor Force Population in CSA: 9 million (3 million slaves) Mid 1863- Discussion of allowing colored militias serving: Confederate War Office denies Desperate Measure: March 13th, 1865: Black slaves allowed to enlist.

Slaves in the Confederacy Slaves during wartime: Sought freedom behind the Union lines. On Plantations: Sabotage equipment by breaking plows and destroying materials on the farm. Neglect livestock. Slave owners feared slave uprisings: Tightened slave patrols Spread rumors of Union abuse of runaway slaves.

Discussion Agree or Disagree: Africans Americans service in the Union military during The Civil War was a step towards equality. African Americans served an important role for the Confederate Military. Could this have been expanded? Would it have made an impact?

Regional Economies Change South: Decline of Plantation System Decline in trade North: Growth of Industries and Factories New opportunities for Women and African Americans.

Southern Economy Experience Food Shortages because: Drain of manpower in the Army. Union occupation of food growing areas. Loss of slaves to work in the fields. Demand for food up, supply down: Average in 1861- $6.65 per month Average in 1863- $68 per month

Southern Economy Shortage(s): Funding Arms and Ammunition Could not collect taxes from the states. Arms and Ammunition Some brought own guns, or scavenged battlefields for Union Weapons. Military Supplies

Northern Economy Factories and Industries boomed: Union Army’s need for uniforms, shoes, guns and other supplies.

Northern Economy THE DARK SIDE: Wages for workers did not keep up with prices of goods and services. White-male workers strike: Employers hire blacks, immigrants, women, and boys to replace them.

Northern Economy Northern Women experience new opportunity in work force in: Farms Government jobs Mostly worked as store clerks and secretaries. Earned less money than men.

Northern Economy Businesses with government contracts make immense profits: Provided cheaply made materials, spoiled food, and demanded higher prices for guns. Congress enacts in 1863, The Federal Income Tax: Tax that takes a specified percentage of an individuals income.

How did Wartime affect the Economies? Northern Southern Industrial Boom Huge Profits for Business Low Wages Decline in standard of living Women entered the labor force Income Tax Decline of Plantation System Shortages in : Food Funds Trade Supplies Labor