Bell Ringer Answer the questions using the handout.

NEXT TIME/SOON: We will… You will be able to… Explain how the Scientific Revolution completely changed how people saw their world in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. Today in class… Language Social Studies Define: Scientific Revolution, Heliocentric. Evaluate the accomplishments of various scientists and rank the scientists in order of influence. Describe how scientists and the Church viewed the universe before the Scientific Revolution. Explain the start of the Scientific Revolution. Identify the ideas of the scientists of the Scientific Revolution.

The Age of Reason Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

The Reformation leads to… Better education, which leads to… Questioning religion and science which leads to… The use of logic and reason to test old ideas against new observations, using scientific methods, which is called… The Scientific Revolution

1.Scientific Revolution 2.Geocentric 3.Heliocentric

Scientific Revolution Time of great change in science, especially in astronomy, math, physics, and medicine; scientists used reason to develop new theories and methods

geocentric – heliocentric Different ideas about the motion of the sun, the earth, and the planets Geocentric – earth is center Heliocentric – sun is center

The Old View

Before the Scientific Revolution, scientists (Ptolemy and Aristotle) and the Catholic Church believed in a geocentric universe. Geocentric means the earth was at the center of the universe, with the sun and other planets revolved around it. Geocentric Universe

What was the Scientific Revolution? New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question old beliefs.

* Translation of classical texts * Use of logic and reason * Observation * Solving practical problems * Explorers’ discoveries

People of the Scientific Revolution 1.Nicolaus Copernicus (Poland) 2.Johann Kepler (Germany) 3.Galileo Galilei (Italy) 4.Isaac Newton (England) 5.Francis Bacon (England) & Rene Descartes (France) 6.William Harvey (England)

Nicolaus Copernicus Polish Astronomer & Mathematician Reasoned the Heliocentric Theory –Sun is the center of the universe –Earth and other planets revolve around the sun Kept his ideas to himself because of the Catholic Church

Johannes Kepler German Mathematician Used reason and math to prove Copernicus right Discovered the laws of planetary motion –Elliptical Orbits Elliptical

Galileo Galilei Italian Astronomer & Physicist Used reason and the telescope to prove heliocentric theory Declared a heretic – Galileo took back what he said Studied falling objects Heretic: when a baptized member of the Catholic Church contradicts/denies a revealed truth.

Isaac Newton English Physicist Used reason to discover the Laws of Gravity, Laws of Motion, and calculus –The same force that pulls an object to earth keeps the moon and planets in orbit around the sun.

Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes Science / Math/ Philosophy England & France Scientific Method = using observation and reason to prove ideas Experiments –Logic & Math –Changed the way people thought –No more superstition

William Harvey English Doctor Used reason to discover the circulation of blood Used reason to study the human body

Interesting Info Safari Movie: Renaissance Science & Invention –Ch. 4 Renaissance Developments in Astronomy –Ch 9. Galileo & the Church –Ch 10. Conclusion

Astronomy Copernicus hypothesized that the sun was at the center and the earth moved in a circular orbit around the sun; this was a direct challenge to what the Catholic Church taught, so he was nervous about sharing his ideas (he dedicated his book to the Pope so he could stay out of trouble!). Kepler used reason and math to show that Copernicus was correct, but that the planets follow an elliptical (not circular) orbit. [He also used a logical model to choose his second wife!] Galileo used reason and the telescope to prove heliocentric theory, but the Catholic Church called him a heretic. The Catholic Church put him under house arrest and made him recant.

Math and Science Bacon developed the scientific method, a process for solving problem or learning new things using reason, observation, and measurement. Descartes developed Cartesian or analytic geometry, which uses algebra to describe geometry. He also was one of the first to use exponents. He used math to think about the world. He is famous for saying, “I think, therefore I am.” [Cogito ergo sum or Je pense, donc je suis.] Newton used reason to discover the Laws of Gravity and the Laws of Motion; he also discovered calculus. He realized that the same force that pulls an object to earth (gravity) keeps the moon and planets in orbit.

Medicine Harvey used reason to study the human body and discovered that the heart is a pump that circulates blood through the body; valves inside the blood vessels keep the blood flowing in one direction. He was also the personal doctor of two English kings, James I and Charles I.

___________________________________ Least Most Influential

Critical Writing 1. Draw a line and label it: ___________________________________ Least Most Influential 2. Rank the scientists along the line. 3. Write at least one sentence for each scientist explaining why you ranked him there. You may vary from the class discussion but you need to explain your rankings clearly.