Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

MOLECULAR GENETICS. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of the DNA molecule DNA is a double helix (twisted.

Advertisements

Unit 6 DNA. Griffith Experiment DNA Structure DNA is a polymer made of monomers called nucleotides Each nucleotide is made of: – A phosphate group –

DNA. DNA is… DNA is… –Your genetic code –What tells your cells which proteins to make and when to make them –The code that makes up your genes –Located.

DNA Replication.

Central Dogma of Biology

Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA

Vocabulary Review A. Three part subunit made up of a deoxyribose sugar (5 carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. A. Three part subunit.

The Structure of RNA RiboNucleic Acid

12-3: RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Biology 2. DNA double helix structure explains how DNA can be copied, but not how genes work GENES: sequence of DNA that.

1 Vocabulary Review Nucleic Acids. 2 Enzyme that unwinds & separates the DNA strands Helicase.

DNA & Genetics Biology. Remember chromosomes? What are genes? Made up of DNA and are units of heredity; unique to everyone What are traits? Are physical.

Trait Chapter 12 Section 3. Ribonucleic acid Responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein.

Transcription and Translation

Do Now Why is it important to learn about DNA and how can DNA be used to help people? NUA Notebook Check Today.

Q2 WK8 D3 & 4. How does DNA’s message travel OUT of the nucleus and INTO THE CELL, where the message gets expressed as a protein??? This is known as…

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.

DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review Chapter 12. Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication DNA polymerase Another.

RNA & Protein Synthesis.

DNA and RNA Chapter 12. Types of Nucleic Acids DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid)

National 5 Biology Course Notes Part 4 : DNA and production of

Chapter 12 – DNA and Proteins DNA Structure: DNA is made of many smaller subunits called nucleotides.

CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE MATER LAKES ACADEMY MR. R. VAZQUEZ BIOLOGY

DNA and RNA Objectives: 8.0 Identify the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and protein. 8.1 Explaining relationships among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNARNA. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The BIG Picture……. Objective: By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence.

DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis TAKS Review for April 22 test.

Structure of RNA  Structure  Nucleic acid made up of nucleotides  composed of Ribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base  Nitrogenous bases  Adenine.

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

T RANSCRIPTION & T RANSLATION. C ENTRAL D OGMA Information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. This is known as the central dogma.

Chapter 13 –RNA and Protein Synthesis

Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides

Protein Synthesis Review By PresenterMedia.com PresenterMedia.com.

Chapter 15: Protein Synthesis

DNA, RNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. WHAT MAKES UP DNA? IT IS A MOLECULE COMPOSED OF CHEMICAL SUBUNITS CALLED NUCLEOTIDES.

Gene Expression Gene: contains the recipe for a protein 1. is a specific region of DNA on a chromosome 2. codes for a specific mRNA.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Review. Cell organelle where ______________ proteins are made Copying DNA _________________ G roup of 3 nucleotides _____________ in.

DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid – is the information code to make an organism and controls the activities of the cell. –Mitosis copies this code so that all.

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. Nucleic Acids DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA RNA Ribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid.

Do you know what this is?. DNA Stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid It is a long molecule called a polymer Shape: double helix.

DNA, RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 10. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid What is the purpose (function) of DNA? 1. To store and transmit the information that.

Protein Synthesis Making Proteins from DNA. DNA & the Nucleus DNA cannot leave the nucleus! So how can we get the information for making proteins out.

What is the ultimate job of the cell?. TO MAKE PROTEINS!

DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis. A. DNA and the Genetic Code 1. DNA controls the production of proteins by the order of the nucleotides.

DNA and RNA Structure of DNA Chromosomes and Replication Transcription and Translation Mutation and Gene Regulation.

8.2 KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

What is a genome? The complete set of genetic instructions (DNA sequence) of a species.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single-stranded

Protein Synthesis From genes to proteins.

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Biology Unit 4 Notes: RNA & Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis.

Nucleic Acids Made of Nucleotides

Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Ch 12 DNA and RNA.

DNA and Heredity Module 6.

CHAPTER 12 Review.

RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN.

12.2 DNA Replication Process of creating an identical copy of DNA is replication. 2 strands will unwind and become a template for copying. strands separate.

REVIEW DNA DNA Replication Transcription Translation.

Transcription and Translation

DNA and Heredity Module 6.

Nucleic acids DNA & RNA Made up of nucleotides: phosphate base

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Unit 3: Genetics Part 1: Genetic Informaiton

Presentation transcript:

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Chapter 12 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

DNA: Structure and Shape Composition: a nucleotide has these 3 things: Deoxyribose (a sugar) Phosphate Group Nitrogen-containing bases (N-bases) Purines: Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Pyrimidines 3. Thymine (T) 4. Cytosine (C) Shape: Double helix

Replication: DNA copies itself Steps: The nucleotide chain separates and unwinds Each chain serves as a template for the next step The enzyme helicase helps the process Complementary nucleotides that are free-floating in the nucleus, assemble Nucleotides join by Hydrogen bonds Products: Two new DNA strands (this occurs before a cell divides).

RNA: Composition and Shape Ribose (a sugar) Phosphate group --N-base: Adenine(A), Uracil(U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G) Shape: single-stranded

RNA: Types mRNA – messenger RNA carries info from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol. tRNA- transfer RNA takes info from the mRNA and binds to amino acids. rRNA- ribosomal RNA exists where proteins are made.

Transcription: DNA makes RNA Steps: DNA unwinds Complementary RNA nucleotides assemble Nucleotides of RNA join and separate from DNA molecule Results: DNA passes info (transcribes) onto RNA. RNA molecules exit the nucleus and go to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Translation – Protein Synthesis Composition of Proteins: chains of amino acids Each of the 20 amino acids are coded for by a specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides (p 303) Steps of Process: codes from mRNA are translated into making proteins (p 304) mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by tRNA tRNA carries anticodons complementary to the codons of mRNA and in joining, the amino acids are connected in a certain sequence to produce proteins.

translation:

Summary – from replication to translation

More . . . DNA composition Quiz DNA replication quiz Transcription Quiz RNA Types Quiz Translation Quiz

12.4 Mutations: changes in genetic material Gene Mutations: changes in one or a few nucleotides affecting one gene Point mutations Frameshift mutations Chromosomal mutations: involves changes in the number and structure of chromosomes Significance: Neutral effects Disorders Genetic variability among species Polyploidy in plants

12.5 Gene Regulation Terms: Operon Differentiation Hox genes