1. Protein Synthesis Review By PresenterMedia.com PresenterMedia.com

2. What is the name of this structure? Nucleotides What three things make up a nucleotide? - sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base

3. This is the structural component of what structure? DNA

4. What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA? 1.Adenine 2.Thymine 3.Guanine 4.Cytosine

5. Which 2 bases are Purines and which are Pyrimidines? Purine “Pure AG” Adenine and Guanine Two rings Pyrimidines Cytosine and Thymine Single ring

6. How do the Nitrogen Bases Pair up? Base pairing Rules DNA Adenine -- ? Guanine -- ? RNA Adenine -- ? Guanine -- ? Thymine Cytosine Uracil Cytosine

7. What makes up the backbone of DNA? Phosphate and Sugar (deoxyribose)

8. What is unique about DNA’s shape? Double helix Discovered by Watson and Crick

9. Where is DNA Found in Eukaryotic cells? Nucleus

10. If one strand of DNA has the base sequence of AGGTTCGAC, what will the base sequence of the complimentary strand have? AGGTTCGAC T C C CAA G T G

11. Three types of RNA and function mRNA – messenger (codons) “blue print of genetic code”

12. tRNA – transfer(anticodons) Three types of RNA and function

13. rRNA -- ribosomal

14. Label this type of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)

15. Label this type of RNA tRNA – transfer

16. Label this type of RNA rRNA -- ribosomal

17. List the Similarities between… DNA & RNA Made of nucleotides Have four bases Carry genetic material Made of nucleotides Have four bases Carry genetic material DNARNA

18. Differences between… DNA & RNA 1. Deoxyribose Sugar 2. 2 strands 3. Thymine 4. Remains in nucleus 1.Ribose Sugar 2.1 strand 3.Uracil 4.Can leave nucelus

19. How many codons are needed to specify 3 amino acids? 3 How many bases are needed to specify 3 amino acids? 3x3 = 9

20. DNA Contains What Sugar? Deoxyribose

21. RNA Contains What Sugar? Ribose

22. What is the process called when DNA is copied? Replication

23. What is the process called when DNA is copied? Replication What is important about the strands? They are complimentary

24. What does the figure below show? Amino Acids

25. What amino acids are in GUAUUCCGG? Valine Phenyl-alanine Arginine

26. If given the mRNA code GUAUUCCGG, what are the anti- codons? GUAUUCCGG G A C U AA GCC

27. Why is it possible that many codons can code for one amino acid? There are 64 combinations and 20 amino acids

28. What is a gene? Set of instructions for making a protein.

29. What is the process below called? Translation Where does it take place? Ribosome

30. What are the different point mutations? Substitutions

32. Why do some mutations cause greater changes in proteins than others? Some amino acids that have more than one codon coding for them

33. Transcription DNA is transcribed into mRNA Takes place in the nucleus Only a single strand

34. What are the steps by which proteins are coded and synthesized? DNARNAProtein

35. An ______________ is a unit made up of three nucleotides that correspond to the three bases of the codon on the mRNA. anticodon

36. The pair of nitrogenous bases, consisting of a purine linked by hydrogen bonds to a pyrimidine, that connects the complementary strands of DNA Base Pairing

37. A relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell. Chromatin

38. Three-base code in DNA or RNA Codon

39. ___________________is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. DNA

40. ___________________is an enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecules. DNA Polymerase

41. ___________________is a genetic mutation caused by (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three. Frameshift Mutation

42. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation. Histone

43. It is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA

44. Permanent change in a cells DNA. Mutation

45. Cell division in which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly resulting in abnormal amounts of chromosomes. Nondisjunction

46. A Mutation in DNA or RNA molecule involving a change of only one nucleotide base. Point Mutation

47. Is the gene segment that serves as the initiation site where RNA polymerase binds to and initiates the transcription of certain genes. Promoter

48. A type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA

49. The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.polynucleotideDNA Replication

50. The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.polynucleotideDNA RNA

51. Enzyme that regulates RNA Synthesis RNA Polymerase

52. Process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA strand. Transcription

53. Type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome. Transfer RNA

54. Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein in assembled. Translation

55. A chromosomal segment is moved from one position to another, either within the same chromosome or to anotherchromosome.chromosome Translocation