Pre-Historic Africa

Kingdom of Kush [295 BCE – 320 CE] Nubia [modern-day Sudan]

Pyramids of Kush at Meroë

Kushite in Egypt, 23 BCE

Kingdom of Axum [ ]

Christian Church, Lalibela [Ethiopia]

Coptic Christian Priest

AXUM’S ACHIEVEMENTS Controlled NE African Trade Written Language Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa Terrace Farming

Our Main Focus!

Berbers GOLD SALT Major Focus: Gold-Salt Trade

Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast Ghana Empire [4c-11c] – “Means King”

Key Economic Info - Ghana Known by Europeans as therichest kingdom in WesternAfrica Use of camels in trade createdriches!

Key Economic Info - Ghana Exports : slaves (from captives), peppers and gold (not mined,but taxed by kings passingthrough empire Imports : horses, silk, cotton and...

Salt Why is it so important?

Mali Empire [13c-15c] (rose out of Ghana’s decline) GOLD SALT

Mali Very similar to Ghana Islam grew in region – most merchants and gov’t officials were of the Muslim faith Timbuktu – key city and major hub of trade and Islamic education

Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque

Marketplace near the Niger River

Mosque in Gao

Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali

Distant Mosque at Djenne, Mali

Sundiata [ ] “Lion Prince”

Mansa Musa [r ]

European Map

Songhai Empire [15c-16c] GOLD SALT

Songhai (or Songhay) Had seceded from Mali in 1375 Great traders and warriors Last and largest of western Sudanese empires

Sunni Ali [r ] First leader after capture of Timbuktu Led building of Songhai Empire

Askia Mohammed [r ] Led successful revolt against Sunni Ali’s son Enlarged empire significantly

Askia Mohammed’s Tomb [ ] Gao, Mali

Thank you Ms. Susan M. Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY