1. Ancient Africa

2. Africa
Thick jungles
Forbidding Deserts
Disease-ridden wetlands

3. The Bantu
Most of the people in Africa today are descendents of the Bantu
Bantu people came out of today’s Nigeria and North-central Africa.
Bantu language is the largest group of African language today
They are made up of cereal farmers and metal workers

4. The Kingdom of Nubia Land on the upper Nile in what is today Sudan
Kingdom of Nubia also called Kush
Trade led to contact with Egypt and takeover then Nubia took over Egypt
Assyrians invaded and trade with Nubia crossed the Mediterranean Sea
Trade of gold, ivory, animal skins, perfumes, and enslaved people.
Worshipped a lion-headed warrior god.
Nubian alphabet has yet to be deciphered!

5. Lion-headed Warrior

6. Kingdoms of West Africa
Kingdom of Ghana
*united farming villages
*along the Niger and Senegal rivers in present-day Mali
*Lots and lots of GOLD
*Muslim merchants brought their Islamic faith and culture to Ghana and set up trade routes to Mecca and other Islamic areas

8. Kingdom of Mali
Upper Niger River
Mansa Musa rules and his name means “where the king dwells”.
*expanded border to Atlantic Ocean
*25 year reign
*converted to Islam and based justice on Quran but promoted religious freedom and tolerance
Gold mining and Salt supplies
Timbuktu grew as a great trading center

9. Mansa Musa of Mali

10. Kingdom of Songhai
Bend of the Niger River in present-day Mali and Niger
Sonni Ali brought trade routes and wealthy cities like Timbuktu under his control
Followed the traditional religious beliefs not Islam
Then came the Muslims and took over by leader Askia Muhammad who made a hajj to Mecca

11. Askia Muhammad

12. Kingdoms of East Africa
Kingdoms of Axum, Ethiopia, Swahili, Zimbabwe
Ibn Buttuta

13. Ibn Battuta