Examine the quality of movement in performance of a physical activity

Factors that influence quality of movement *Knowledge of technique *Practice methods *Previous experience *Ability

Factors that influence quality of movement Confidence and motivation Fitness components Quality of facilities and equipment

Skilled vs unskilled The difference between a skilled person and an unskilled person is the co ordination of the movements *Motor skill learning is the ability of a person to learn physical skills

Stages of learning Cognitive: novice learner, makes lots of mistakes Associative: an intermediate, some mistakes and corrects own mistakes Autonomous: advanced, few mistakes and does the skill automatically

Classification of skills Fine/gross: whether the skill uses small/large movements, small/large muscles (darts vs swimming)

Classification of skills Open/closed: skill done in a set/or a changing environment (pool vs soccer)

Classification of skills Discrete/serial/continuous: Discrete: skill has obvious beginning/end point (tennis serve) Serial: different discrete skills done in a sequence (gymnastics routine) Continuous: no obvious beginning/end point (running)

Discrete/serial/continuous

Knowledge of technique Preparation phase (backswing) Execution phase (action) Follow through phase Force summation Using as many muscles as possible in the correct sequence to generate as much force as possible (e.g discus full turn better than a half turn)

Knowledge of technique Preparation Execution follow through

Practice methods Part/whole learning Doing skill in parts or as a whole e.g (throw and catch vs actual serve)

Part/Whole learning Part: +’s: good when learning a skill -’s: don’t actually perform the whole skill Whole: +’s: good for associative learner -’s: not an easy way to learn a skill

Practice methods *Massed: training without breaks +’s: best way to reinforce learning -’s: mentally hard to concentrate *Distributed: training with breaks +’s: can get specific feedback -’s: lack of repetition can be a problem

Practice methods Drill/problem solving -doing a drill (set by coach) or problem solving (modified games)

Practice methods Drill: +’s: can focus on a specific aspect -’s: not always specific to a game Problem Solving: +’s: players think about the game more -’s: doesn’t break down the skills enough

Previous experience Transfer of learning -The transfer of skills from one activity to another. e.g basketball and netball Both have passing and shooting into a hoop

Transfer of skills

Transfer of learning What skills can be transferred between cricket and softball: rollerblading and ice skating: rugby and touch rugby: rowing and kayaking:

Transfer of learning cricket and softball: throwing, catching rollerblading and ice skating: balance rugby and touch rugby: catch/pass rowing and kayaking: balance/power

Ability Ability is an individuals level of skill, coordination, and fitness. It is determined by Genetics: your parents strengths Environment: how active we are at a young age helps develop skill/fitness

Ability Genetics Environment

Confidence/Motivation Confidence is a persons belief in themselves to perform a task Motivation is how determined a person is to complete a task internal: own determination (goals) external: rewards, medals, money

Fitness components Speed: how quickly a person can move Strength: how much force you generate Endurance: ability of heart/lungs to deliver oxygen to the muscles Power: the ability to use strength quickly

Fitness components Flexibility: range of motion at a joint Agility: changing direction quickly Balance: keeping the body in equilibrium Anaerobic: being able to do high intensity exercise

Fitness components For each fitness component say how you can improve it and what sport needs to be good at it e.g: to improve flexibility you need to stretch every day. Gymnastics is a sport that needs to be flexible

Fitness components Speed: plyometric training, 100m Strength: lift weights, rugby prop

Fitness components Endurance: exercise continuously for more than an hour, marathon runner Power: lift weights quickly, wrestler

Fitness components Flexibility: stretch every day, karate Agility: run around cones, netball

Fitness components Balance: use unbalanced objects, gym Anaerobic: do shuttle runs, 400m

Quality of facilities/equipment *If you have good facilities and equipment you can improve at a faster rate How can these factors influence performance? * equipment * facilities * environment * technology

Quality of facilities/equipment Equipment: good equipment makes you ‘feel’ the skill better Facilities: good facilities helps the body engage with the skill

Quality of facilities/equipment Environment: where you are raised, influence of parents, good coaching Technology: being able to afford the latest equipment can help skills