URBAN GEOGRAPHY Yokohama

I. CITY LOCATIONS A. Along natural transportation routes 1.rivers, harbors, mountain passes Port of New Orleans Pittsburg Steel B. Along over - land trade routes 1. usually where 2 or more meet 1. usually where 2 or more meet C. Near natural resources 1. fresh water, coal, oil 1. fresh water, coal, oil Houston oil

II. WHY MOVE TO THE CITY? A. JOBS!!! B. Education C. Shopping D. Government services E. Entertainment/ Cultural activities Cultural activities

III. URBANIZATION A. Rise in the number of cities Before After B. Also refers to people moving to the city from the country to the city from the country -resulting lifestyle changes too -resulting lifestyle changes too

CENTERS OF URBANIZATION

Boston in 1800 Boston Today

Houston 1900 Houston Today

São PauloNew York City Mexico City

URBAN SPRAWL As a city grows, it spreads outward As a city grows, it spreads outward -consumes farmland and forests -you must DRIVE everywhere -increases traffic problems

IV. EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION & SPRAWL A. Loss of farmland E. Disease D. Global warming / climate change C. Pollution B. Loss of animal habitat

SOLUTIONS New Urbanism New Urbanism -brings housing and businesses together in a single area together in a single area Mass transit systems Mass transit systems -seeks to preserve the environment as much as possible as much as possible -builds UP, not out -everything is in walking distance

NEW URBANISM, CON’T. -Towns and cities have clear boundaries, contributing to a sense of place. -The land between towns is preserved as open space- wilderness or farmland.

The Neighborhood The optimal size of a neighborhood is a quarter-mile from center to edge. For most people, a quarter mile is a five-minute walk. For a neighborhood to feel walkable, many daily needs should be supplied within this five- minute walk. That includes not only homes, but stores, workplaces, schools, houses of worship, and recreational areas.