First & LAST Name Monday, March 16, 2009 Period (?) Teacher Daily Bellringers What do you think is the greatest painting or other work of art that you have ever seen? What did it look like? Do you know who made it? IF you could create an invention, what would it be? What might it look like?

The Italian Renaissance Chapter 12 Lesson 2 Pages

The Renaissance First & Last NAME Today’s DATE PERIOD World History What was the Renaissance? Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution

The Birthplace of the Renaissance Why did the Renaissance begin in Northern Italy? Renaissance: Rebirth (revival – awakening) – an interest in ideas from ancient Greek and Roman art, literature, and learning. Italy – divided into 250 “city-states” Some city-states were republics (ruled by elected citizens) –ruled by rich families »The Medici family - richest most powerful –used their money to beautify their cities »art, architecture, libraries fought for land and power. used mercenaries (hired soldiers) The Italian Renaissance

Why did the Renaissance begin in Northern Italy? fought for land and power. used mercenaries (hired soldiers) –Niccolo Machiavelli wrote: “The Prince” advised rulers –do whatever is necessary “The end justifies the means.” –to ignore questions of good and evil The Renaissance and Life

What were the basic beliefs of Humanists? What values of the Renaissance were similar to the values of Greek and Roman societies? Italians studied Greek and Roman classics, or the “humanities,” to understand art. humanism –focused on the potential of human value ability achievement Humanists (unlike Christians) believed: –people not sinful, but good –More interested in life on earth than in salvation “The end justifies the mean.” to ignore questions of good and evil

What were the basic beliefs of Humanists? What values of the Renaissance were similar to the values of Greek and Roman societies? Humanists (unlike Christians) believed –people not sinful –more interested in life on earth than salvation They believed in 3 classical ideas: –individual worth of people –commitment to public service –development of many skills, talents and interests to produce “well-rounded” citizens The Flowering of Arts and Learning

What achievements in art and science occurred? Renaissance - a time of learning Leonardo Da Vinci –great scientist, thinker, inventor –painted “Mona Lisa” “The Last Supper” Michelangelo Buonarroti –sculptor, painter, architect, & poet “David” ceiling of Sistine Chapel St. Peter’s Church in Rome Galileo Galilei –invented “more powerful” telescope 1608 –proposed that earth revolves around sun individual worth of people commitment to public service development of many skills, talents and interests to produce “well-rounded” citizens

What achievements in art and science occurred? Why was realism important to Renaissance artists and writers? Galileo Galilei –invented more powerful telescope –proposed that earth revolves around sun angered Church officials Filippo Brunelleschi –Developed linear “3-D” perspective –made art look “real” realism –new art style lifelike shows objects as they really are

Wealth and the Renaissance How was the commercial class an example of the Renaissance belief in the importance of life on earth? upper-class Italians –started and supported Renaissance –studied, learned to read and write –spend lots of money on art. artists & scholars –new status in society –supported by wealthy “common” people (most people) –life “as usual” –could not read –could not afford to buy art –spent time earning a living. realism new art style lifelike shows objects as they really are

Summary Task Write a summary for your Cornell Notes that explains the whole, general idea of these notes (for Lesson 2) in 3 to 5 good, complete sentences. EXTRA CREDIT: Make a drawing or painting by using the technique of Linear Perspective (single or double point).

Perspective is a technique for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface. It wasn't until the Renaissance that artists invented a system to show depth logically and consistently, creating realistic art. Linear perspective is based on the way the human eye sees the world—objects which are closer appear larger, and more distant objects appear smaller. To create this illusion of space, the artist establishes a vanishing point on the horizon line. Objects are drawn using lines which lead to the vanishing point(s). In one-point perspective, the forms are seen face on and are drawn to a single vanishing point. Objects seen at an angle would be drawn with two-point perspective using two vanishing points.

Raphael: School of Athens 1509

Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo Last Judgement 1541

Michelangelo: Conversion of Saul [detail] 1545

Michelangelo Martyrdom of Saint Peter 1550

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper 1495

Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa 1503

Bronzino Portrait of a Young Man 1540

Biblical versus Heliocentric cosmology

St. Peter’s Square (St. Peter’s Church, Rome)