1. Beginnings of the Renaissance

2. Renaissance Renaissance: French word meaning “rebirth.” Began in Italy
Developed new attitudes about themselves and the world

3. Factors that attributed to such changes:
The plague led to a higher quality of life for peasants after the disease had subsided.
Reduced population led to workers having more bargaining power
Increase in security
Less warfare and more security allowed for Europeans to focus on cultural aspects such as art, education, and technological innovations

4. Italian Renaissance
The Renaissance began in northern Italy, specifically in the cities of Genoa, Venice, and Florence
3 reasons why Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance:
Northern Italy was a center for international trade
Had an urban culture that fostered the exchange of ideas
Wider variety of jobs and more social mobility

7. Florence
One of the first cities to embrace the Renaissance
Cosimo Medici: first in the Medici family to preside over Florence
Helped to foster the spirit of humanism in Florence
Architecture and Arts came alive in Florence; other Italian city-states followed

8. Ways in which society changed:
People began to reflect and imitate the classical works of the Greeks and Romans (expressed humanism)
Secularism: Society becomes worldly rather than spiritual
Individualism: free standing figures
Church leaders and rulers spent huge sums to beautify city
-Emphasis on the arts and architecture

9. Humanism: studied the idea of Greek and Roman ideas and the worth of an individual
Those who studied these ideas were called humanists
Didn’t try to get classical texts to align with Christian teaching
Wanted to understand Greek values

10. Humanist views included:
Seeking fulfillment in daily life
Medieval belief was that people should expect little comfort from life on Earth.
Each individual has dignity/worth
“Ideal” person is one who participates in a variety of activities (politics, sports, art, literature, music, ect.)
Differed from Medieval belief of the ideal person working the fields and following the word of God.

11. Changes in Art
Renaissance artists used new techniques, leading to greater realism in their paintings
Realism: an visual that promotes accurate and detailed depiction in art

12. Renaissance artists often portrayed religious themes, however, it was in Greek and Roman styles.
Creation of the Heavens - Michelangelo

13. More Changes in Art
Artists also used new oil paints that reflected light, and used shading techniques to make objects look more real
Painters studied human anatomy and drew from observing models, resulting in more accuracy.
Including dead bodies

14. Differences in Art Middle Ages Renaissance Reconstruction of Jerusalem
Raphael – Tempi Madonna

15. Three-Dimensional Art
Perspective: technique that allows an artist to show depth and three-dimensional qualities by making distant objects smaller.
technique used to create realism.
Vanishing Point

16. Leonardo Da Vinci used PERSPECTIVE
The Last Supper

17. Influential Artists of the Day
Donatello di Niccolò di Betto Bardi
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo Buonarrtoi
Raphael Sanzio

18. Donatello Worked in Florence Created first David Statue
Created a life-size soldier on horseback called Gattamelata
the first sculpture of this size since ancient times.
Worked in Florence
Created first David Statue
First free form bronze statue since Roman times
Gattamelata

19. Michelangelo
Michelangelo Buonarroti was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet.
He is best known for sculptures such as David and for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
He also designed the dome for St. Peter’s Cathedral.

20. Famous works of Michelangelo
St. Peter’s Basilica
David

21. What a difference a century makes!

22. Sistine Chapel

23. Raphael He blended Christian and classical styles
Famous for his paintings of the Madonna and The School of Athens

24. The School of Athens

25. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
One point perspective.
All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included  all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!
A great variety of poses.
Located in the papal apartments library.
Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
No Christian themes here.

26. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo

27. The School of Athens – Raphael, details
Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm].
Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now].

28. Ptolemy
Euclid

29. Leonardo Da Vinci “The man who wanted to know everything” 1452-1519
Leonardo Da Vinci was an artist and inventor. He studied botany, optics, anatomy, architecture, and engineering.
Famous works include Mona Lisa and Last Supper

30. Mona Lisa

31. A Da Vinci “Code”: St. John or Mary Magdalene?