BIOLOGY 1 Classification. New Species 2 Of the estimated 10 million species on Earth, we have only found and named a fraction of the species!!! Of the.

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BIOLOGY 1 Classification

New Species 2 Of the estimated 10 million species on Earth, we have only found and named a fraction of the species!!! Of the estimated 10 million species on Earth, we have only found and named a fraction of the species!!! Scientists find new organisms all the time. Scientists find new organisms all the time. Need a method to name them. Need a method to name them. un-named snakeun-named frog

Scientific Name 3 Each species receives a universally accepted name: Each species receives a universally accepted name:  Two-word name (Genus & species) Turdus migratorius

Based on what you know… 4 Papio annubis and Papio cynochephalus belong to the same _________________ but not the same __________________ Fill in the blanks with either genus or species.

Common Name 5 Used by individuals depending on where they live. If we only used common names we would call this: Gato – Spanish Gato – Spanish Cat Cat Feline Feline Kitty Kitty

What is Classification? 6 Classification: Classification:  arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities  Used by biologist because organisms are numerous and diverse

Classification Groups 7 Taxon (taxa-plural): Taxon (taxa-plural):  category into which related organisms are placed

What is taxonomy? 8 Grouping organisms according to their presumed natural relationships Grouping organisms according to their presumed natural relationships

Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – Father of Taxonomy

In other words… General  Specific Example: Country State Zip code City Subdivision Street House

Hierarchy of Taxa 11 Domain Kingdom (most general & largest category) Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific category)

12

Basis for Taxonomy 13 Similar structures Similar structures Similar embryo development Similar embryo development Similarity in DNA Similarity in DNA

14 Homologous Structures show Similarities in mammals.

15

Example 16 Humans and Chimpanzees have ~98% of the same genes and therefore have a common ancestor

Dichotomous Keys An easy way to sort information. Uses a series of yes or no questions to get to a single description that applies to only one item. How all living things are classified. Following a dichotomous key is similar to playing a game of GUESS WHO? “is your person a boy?”

Dichotomous Key Practice

Six Kingdoms of Life BIOLOGY

Changing Ideas About Kingdoms This diagram shows some of the ways in which organisms have been classified into kingdoms since the 1700s.

More recently…There were 5 Kingdoms

Now there are 6 Monera broke down into two kingdoms 1: Eubacteria 2: Archebacteria

Organized evolutionarily Type of cell  Prokaryotic or eukaryotic # of Cells  Single-celled or multi-cellular Characteristics of cells  Type of cell wall/membrane  Types of organelles they have How they get energy  Autotrophs – make own food  Heterotrophs – obtain food from others