Welcome Welcome Grab your folder, the packet by the door, and take your seat.Grab your folder, the packet by the door, and take your seat. Complete Family trends survey warm-upComplete Family trends survey warm-up

The Family CHAPTER 12 The Family CHAPTER 12 The Family Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Section 2: The American Family

Objectives: Identify the basic societal needs that the institution of the family satisfies.Identify the basic societal needs that the institution of the family satisfies. Describe some of the disruptions they might face.Describe some of the disruptions they might face. Analyze some of the trends in American family life currently being examined by sociologists.Analyze some of the trends in American family life currently being examined by sociologists.

Family Systems Nuclear Family- one or both parents and the childrenNuclear Family- one or both parents and the children Family of orientation- nuclear family into which a person is born or adoptedFamily of orientation- nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted

Family Systems Family of procreation- new nuclear family consisting of the individual, spouse and their childrenFamily of procreation- new nuclear family consisting of the individual, spouse and their children Extended family- two or more generations, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etcExtended family- two or more generations, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc

Norms and Marriage Patterns Around the World Number of marriage partners – in industrialized nations marriages are usually monogamous whereas in pre-industrial societies the normal pattern is polygynyNumber of marriage partners – in industrialized nations marriages are usually monogamous whereas in pre-industrial societies the normal pattern is polygyny Residential Patterns – once individuals are married they must decide where to liveResidential Patterns – once individuals are married they must decide where to live

Descent Patterns – in some societies people trace kinship through the father’s side of the family, in others descent is traced through the mother’s side of the family or through both parentsDescent Patterns – in some societies people trace kinship through the father’s side of the family, in others descent is traced through the mother’s side of the family or through both parents Authority Patterns – the three basic types are patriarchy, matriarchy and egalitarianAuthority Patterns – the three basic types are patriarchy, matriarchy and egalitarian

Descent Patterns patrilineal descent matrilineal descent bilateral descent Marriage-Partner Patterns monogamy polygamy  polygyny  polyandry Residential Patterns patrilocality matrilocality bilocality neolocality Authority Patterns patriarchy matriarchy egalitarian

Marriage and Kinship Patterns Monogamy- Most industrialized societies, marriage between a man and a womanMonogamy- Most industrialized societies, marriage between a man and a woman Polygamy- marriage with multiple partnersPolygamy- marriage with multiple partners –Polygyny- man is permitted to take and marry more than one woman –Polyandry- woman is permitted to marry more than one man

Residential Patterns Patrilocality- Married couple is expected to live with or near husband’s parentsPatrilocality- Married couple is expected to live with or near husband’s parents Matrilocality- couple is expected to live near the wife’s parentsMatrilocality- couple is expected to live near the wife’s parents Bilocality- newly married couple can choose which family they live nearBilocality- newly married couple can choose which family they live near Neolocality- modern industrialized nations, couple may opt to set up residence apart from both familiesNeolocality- modern industrialized nations, couple may opt to set up residence apart from both families

Marriage and Family Formations ws 1.d1.d 2.a2.a 3.m3.m 4.c4.c 5.e5.e 6.k6.k 7.l7.l 8.h 9.b 10.i 11.j 12.g 13.f 14.n

Functions of the Family Regulate Sexual Activity (avoid incest)Regulate Sexual Activity (avoid incest) Reproduction- replace members of society who dieReproduction- replace members of society who die SocializationSocialization –Family is most important form –Children learn norms and values

Functions of the Family Economic and Emotional SecurityEconomic and Emotional Security –Division of labor between members –Family ensures that its members are fed, clothed, and housed –Loving and Caring environment

Beginnings of the American Family and Disruptions Marriage begins with courtship and marriage between either homogamous or heterogamous couples Disruptions include family violence, divorce, empty nest, return of adult children and death of a spouse

1. You don’t just marry a person; you marry a family1. You don’t just marry a person; you marry a family 2. just being in love is not a good enough reason to get married2. just being in love is not a good enough reason to get married 3. look for a spouse with your head, not your heart3. look for a spouse with your head, not your heart 4. happiness is what people bring to a marriage, not what the marriage brings to them4. happiness is what people bring to a marriage, not what the marriage brings to them 5. one person could never be all things to another person5. one person could never be all things to another person

Marital Problems Activity: This exercise poses some problems that could arise in a marriage.This exercise poses some problems that could arise in a marriage. Your groups task is to discuss the problems involved in your case and come up with workable solutions. (7 minutes)Your groups task is to discuss the problems involved in your case and come up with workable solutions. (7 minutes) Share…Share…

Family Disruption Family ViolenceFamily Violence –Most devastating for of disruption –1/3 families experience this –Child abuse on the rise, in 1999 over 1,400 died as a result –11% of all murders in 1998 were a result of intimate partner violence (75% victims women)

Family Violence Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by another Against women Women are more likely to be injured by a family member than to be mugged or raped by a stranger or hurt in an automobile accident. All states have marital rape laws; half have “stalking laws.” Against children Child abuse and neglect are most common among the youngest and most vulnerable children. Abusers are more likely to be women than men.

Family Disruption DivorceDivorce –US has highest rate in the world –Married teenage couples have highest risk –Couples who are college educated have less of a chance than non college educated –Greater negative economic impact –Women adjust better emotionally (Men higher likelihood of drug and alcohol use, depression, etc) –40% of children of divorced couples still struggle 10 yrs later

Divorce In the US, nine out of 10 people will marry. Four in 10 marriages end in divorce. Why? Individualism on the rise Romantic love often subsides. Women are less dependent upon men. Many of today’s marriages are stressful. Divorce is socially acceptable. Legally, a divorce is easier to get.

Looking Ahead Divorce rates remain high. More equality between sexes All kinds of units will be called families. Men will continue to play a limited role in child rearing. Many will remain absent from household scenes. Economic changes will affect families and reform marriage. Less quality time as work demands more from parents New reproductive technologies Ethical concerns about what can and what should be done

Trends in American Family Life Delayed Marriage ( Median Age) –1890 – Women (22) Men (26.1) –1960- Women (20.3) Men (22.8) –2000- Women (25.1) Men (26.8) current trend is to marry later in life and being single has become an acceptable alternative to being married ExplanationsExplanations –Single more socially acceptable –Education delays marriage –Cohabitation w/o marriage is more common

Trends in American Family Life Delayed ChildbearingDelayed Childbearing women are delaying childbirth to complete their education and establish a career – % of births were to women –Sandwich Generation- raising children and dealing with aging parent issues

Trends in American Family Life ChildlessnessChildlessness couples are making the conscious choice to remain voluntarily childless –On the rise –Highly educated, high income couples –Infertility –Some just choose

Dual Earner MarriagesDual Earner Marriages increase in the number of dual-earner marriages due to the increased number of women entering the workforce Dual earner families the normDual earner families the norm –More women are working (61% )

Trends in American Family Life One Parent FamiliesOne Parent Families come about in various ways such as divorce, death of a spouse, births to unwed mothers or adoption by unmarried individuals –On the rise –Most led by divorced or unwed mothers –Issues Stress from responsibility overloadStress from responsibility overload Task Overload (job, caring for children, home)Task Overload (job, caring for children, home) Emotional OverloadEmotional Overload

RemarriageRemarriage –43% of marriages today, 1 or both partners previously married – –Four out of five people who divorce remarry, most within five years. Remarriage often creates blended families. the majority of people who get divorced about 75 percent get remarried Subsequent Divorce – the majority of people who get remarried – about 60 percent – get divorced again

Wedding survey

Mock wedding 1 couple (bride and groom)1 couple (bride and groom) Pick a theme for your wedding….Pick a theme for your wedding…. Write your own vows (HW)Write your own vows (HW) Select best man, maid of honorSelect best man, maid of honor Select one other bridesmaid/groomsmanSelect one other bridesmaid/groomsman Mother and father or the brideMother and father or the bride Mother of the groomMother of the groom Wedding coordinators In charge of food/drinks/music/seating charts decorating committee In charge of decorations and set up clean-up crew In charge of cleaning up …

Homework: Option 1:Option 1: Ask your parents or a married couple that you feel close to why they decided to get married. Was it an easy or difficult decision? What were the most difficult adjustments to marriage? What advice would they give all couples considering marriage today? Record their responses.Ask your parents or a married couple that you feel close to why they decided to get married. Was it an easy or difficult decision? What were the most difficult adjustments to marriage? What advice would they give all couples considering marriage today? Record their responses. Option 2:Option 2: Write your own marriage vows. Include important matters in marriage. How do your vows compare to traditional wedding vows.Write your own marriage vows. Include important matters in marriage. How do your vows compare to traditional wedding vows. Option 3: Choose another culture and research its dating and marriage patterns. Include the cultural items and traits of the marriage ceremony, the norms of dating, the roles of each spouse, and the cultures attitudes concerning divorce. Option 4: You have $25,000 (average cost in the US) to plan your own wedding Include things like dress (don’t forget to budget for alterations) or tux rental, photos/video, flowers, catering, venue for ceremony/reception, entertainment, honeymoon…..

Final Project You will create a photo-book assignment:You will create a photo-book assignment: You will take a picture that represents something you learned or found interesting in sociology. You will then tell why you chose to take the photo the way you did and how it relates to sociology …(see my sample)You will take a picture that represents something you learned or found interesting in sociology. You will then tell why you chose to take the photo the way you did and how it relates to sociology …(see my sample) Then you will write a comment on 2 other students picturesThen you will write a comment on 2 other students pictures I will have directions for this project next class, for now just think about what you may want to do…I will have directions for this project next class, for now just think about what you may want to do…