Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Direct democracyDirect democracy TragedyTragedy ComedyComedy philosopherphilosopher

Pericles’ Plan for Athens Led Athens for much of it s golden ageLed Athens for much of it s golden age Age of Pericles – what were his 3 goals?Age of Pericles – what were his 3 goals? 1.To strengthen Athenian democracy 2.Hold and strengthen the empire 3.Glorify Athens How did want to strengthen Athenian democracy – direct democracyHow did want to strengthen Athenian democracy – direct democracy One of greatest architecture – the Parthenon a Greek temple to honor AthenaOne of greatest architecture – the Parthenon a Greek temple to honor Athena The Greeks also invented drama as an art form and built the 1 st theaters in the West – tragedies and comediesThe Greeks also invented drama as an art form and built the 1 st theaters in the West – tragedies and comedies What are an example of each one?What are an example of each one?

Athenians & Sparta go to War As Athens grows in wealth & prestige other city-states view it with hostilityAs Athens grows in wealth & prestige other city-states view it with hostility Peloponnesian War – Athens vs. SpartaPeloponnesian War – Athens vs. Sparta Athens has better navy Sparta has a better armyAthens has better navy Sparta has a better army Sparta wins war when plague hits AthensSparta wins war when plague hits Athens Later Athens send a huge fleet do Sicily to destroy the city-state of Syracuse (Spartan Ally)Later Athens send a huge fleet do Sicily to destroy the city-state of Syracuse (Spartan Ally) Fails Athens loses empire, power, & wealthFails Athens loses empire, power, & wealth Several great thinkers & philosophersSeveral great thinkers & philosophers Socrates – poisoned for corrupting the youth of AthensSocrates – poisoned for corrupting the youth of Athens 1.Plato – writes the Republic 2.Aristotle – teacher of Alexander the Great

Alexander’s Empire Hellenistic

Philip Builds Power Philip becomes king of Greek city-state of MacedoniaPhilip becomes king of Greek city-state of Macedonia He unites all of Greece under his ruleHe unites all of Greece under his rule Has a son becomes known as Alexander the GreatHas a son becomes known as Alexander the Great Philip planned to invade Persia but is assassinated & Alexander becomes king at 20 years oldPhilip planned to invade Persia but is assassinated & Alexander becomes king at 20 years old 334 B.C. carries out his father’s plan to invade Persia – Darius III king of Persia334 B.C. carries out his father’s plan to invade Persia – Darius III king of Persia His army keeps defeating the Persian army time after timeHis army keeps defeating the Persian army time after time Egypt welcomes Alexander – crown him Pharaoh forms city of AlexandriaEgypt welcomes Alexander – crown him Pharaoh forms city of Alexandria

Defeat of the Persians Final defeat of the Persian comes at Gaugamela – Alexander has conquered the PersiansFinal defeat of the Persian comes at Gaugamela – Alexander has conquered the Persians He has become the unchallenged ruler of southwest AsiaHe has become the unchallenged ruler of southwest Asia He keeps pushing his army across central Asia to the furthest edge of the continentHe keeps pushing his army across central Asia to the furthest edge of the continent Alexander & his army reach India – defeat the Indian army and keeps on marchingAlexander & his army reach India – defeat the Indian army and keeps on marching They had been marching for 11 years and had marched more then 11,000 miles army wanted to stop marching & Alexander agrees – there he dies from fever 32 years oldThey had been marching for 11 years and had marched more then 11,000 miles army wanted to stop marching & Alexander agrees – there he dies from fever 32 years old Macedonian general fight among them selves for control of his empire – split into 3 different empiresMacedonian general fight among them selves for control of his empire – split into 3 different empires 1.Antigonus – Greece 2.Ptolemy – Egypt 3.Selecucus – Persian empire

Hellenistic Culture Alexander’s ambitions were cultural as well as military and politicalAlexander’s ambitions were cultural as well as military and political The territory that was conquered by Alexander adopted many Greek patterns & customs that linked cities togetherThe territory that was conquered by Alexander adopted many Greek patterns & customs that linked cities together However, each region had its own traditional ways of life, religion, & governmentHowever, each region had its own traditional ways of life, religion, & government This new culture was called Hellenistic culture – Alexandria in Egypt was the centerThis new culture was called Hellenistic culture – Alexandria in Egypt was the center

Science & Technology Preserved Greek & Egyptian learning in sciencesPreserved Greek & Egyptian learning in sciences Astronomy – started to try and calculate the size of the Sun & Earth Mathematics & Physics – Euclid & Pythagorean in geometry (A 2 + B 2 = C 2 ) Archimedes accurately estimated the value of pi (3.14) Philosophy – Stoics proposed that people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or natural laws the God established to run the universe - Epicureanism gods had no interest in humans, main goal was to achieve harmony of body & mind - Epicureanism gods had no interest in humans, main goal was to achieve harmony of body & mind Realism in Sculpture – Colossus of Rhodes, all sculptures showed perfect body & face