Important Skeletal Muscles BIO 210 Chapter 10 Part 2 Important Skeletal Muscles

Warm Up Define & give an example of each of the following. Prime mover Synergist Antagonist Fixator muscles Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group Name the muscles of Hamstring Group

Warm Up Define & give an example of a muscle that does each of the following. Prime mover-provides most of the force for a movement, forearm flexion, biceps brachii. Synergist-assists, i.e.contract at same time as prime movers, and move the joint the same direction. Brachialis. Antagonist-muscle that extends the prime mover. Triceps brachii is antagonist for biceps. Fixator muscles-stabilize a joint. Deltoid.

Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Name the muscles of Hamstring Group Semitendenosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris

Important Skeletal Muscles When we talk about muscle actions of the following muscles, we are referring to the action of the prime mover. Remember that muscles work together. Prime mover Synergist Antagonist Fixator muscles

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION ORBICULARIS OCULI ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR ORBICULARIS ORIS BUCCINATOR

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Closes Eyes (Blinking)

ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR: Pulls Corners of Mouth Upward (Laughing)

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Puckers Mouth (Kissing)

BUCCINATOR: Presses Lips and Cheeks Against Teeth (Blowing, Whistling)

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION TEMPORALIS: Same as Masseter MASSETER Elevates Mandible (Closes Jaw)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID Flexes Head ("Prayer Muscle") (When Both Contract) Turns Head to Side (When Each Contracts Alone)

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE THORAX NOTE: All of These Muscles Play an Important Role in Respiration. EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Elevates Ribs INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Depresses Ribs DIAPHRAGM Enlarges Thorax (Causes Inspiration)

TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL EXTERNAL OBLIQUE INTERNAL OBLIQUE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS RECTUS ABDOMINUS

CAT ABS! EXTERNAL OBLIQUE INTERNAL OBLIQUE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS RECTUS ABDOMINUS

Functions of Muscles of the Abdominal Wall All Four of These Muscles Have the Following Functions: Compress (Tighten) Abdomen Rotate Trunk Laterally Abdominal muscles play important roles in posture; they pull pelvis upward which flattens lumbar curve of the spine. They also aid in defecation, forced expiration, childbirth, etc. Rectus abdominus flexes the trunk of the body.

UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior Raises and Lowers Shoulders (Shrugs Shoulders)

CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC. 1. External oblique 2. Latissimus dorsi 3. Spinotrapezius 4. Acromiotrapezius 5. Clavotrapezius 6. Levator scapulae ventralis 7. Spinodeltoid 8. Acromiodeltoid 9. Clavodeltoid 10. Triceps brachii (lateral head) 11. Triceps brachii (long head)

Pulls Shoulder Forward and Upward (Punching Movements) UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior SERRATUS ANTERIOR Pulls Shoulder Forward and Upward (Punching Movements)

CAT-SERRATUS ANTERIOR

UPPER LIMB MUSCLES MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE UPPER ARM Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid

PECTORALIS MAJOR Flexes Upper Arm Adducts Upper Arm Anteriorly (Draws It Across Chest)

CAT PECS Clavodeltoid Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis

LATISSIMUS DORSI Extends Upper Arm Adducts Upper Arm Posteriorly (Draws It Across Back)

CAT-LATISSIMUS DORSI

DELTOID Assists with Flexion and Extension of Upper Arm Abducts Upper Arm

CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC. 1. External oblique 2. Latissimus dorsi 3. Spinotrapezius 4. Acromiotrapezius 5. Clavotrapezius 6. Levator scapulae ventralis 7. Spinodeltoid 8. Acromiodeltoid 9. Clavodeltoid 10. Triceps brachii (lateral head) 11. Triceps brachii (long head)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM BICEPS BRACHII Supinates Forearm and Hand Flexes Supinated Forearm BRACHIALIS & Flexes Pronated Forearm 

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM BRACHIORADIALIS Supinates Forearm and Hand Flexes Forearm (Semipronated or Semisupinated) TRICEPS BRACHII Extends Forearm

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS SUPERFICIAL FLEXORS FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS Flexes Hand PALMARIS LONGUS FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS FLEXOR DIGITORUM (SUPERFICIALIS) Flexes Fingers

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS Extends Hand Abducts Hand (Moves Toward Thumb Side When Hand Supinated)

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS: EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS Extends Hand Adducts Hand (Moves Toward Little Finger Side When Hand Supinated) EXTENSOR DIGITORUM Extends Fingers

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS OPPONENS POLLICIS Opposes Thumb to Fingers

LOWER LIMB MUSCLES MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH: ILIOPSOAS Flexes Thigh Flexes Trunk

LOWER LIMB MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH: RECTUS FEMORIS Flexes Thigh Extends Lower Leg

LOWER LIMB MUSCLES MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH: GLUTEAL GROUP MAXIMUS Extends Thigh MEDIUS Abducts Thigh MINIMUS

Lower Limb Muscles continued… TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Abducts Thigh PECTINEUS Adducts Thigh Flexes Thigh ADDUCTOR GROUP BREVIS LONGUS MAGNUS ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh. GRACILIS Flexes Lower leg

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Abducts Thigh 1. Sartorius  2. Tensor fasciae latae  3. Gluteus maximus  4. Gluteus medius  5. Caudofemoralis  6. Vastus lateralis  7. Biceps femoris  8. Gastrocnemius  9. Soleus

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE-CAT Abducts Thigh 1. Sartorius  2. Tensor fasciae latae  3. Gluteus maximus  4. Gluteus medius  5. Caudofemoralis  6. Vastus lateralis  7. Biceps femoris  8. Gastrocnemius  9. Soleus

PECTINEUS Adducts Thigh Flexes Thigh

PECTINEUS-CAT

ADDUCTOR GROUP ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh. BREVIS LONGUS MAGNUS

ADDUCTOR GROUP-CAT NOTE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAT AND HUMAN BEING ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTOR FEMORIS

GRACILIS Adducts Thigh Flexes Lower leg

GRACILIS-CAT

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP RECTUS FEMORIS Extends Lower leg Flexes Thigh VASTUS LATERALIS VASTUS MEDIALIS VASTUS INTERMEDIUS ALL Muscles in the Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP RECTUS FEMORIS Extends Lower leg Flexes Thigh VASTUS LATERALIS VASTUS MEDIALIS VASTUS INTERMEDIUS deep to rectus femoris ALL Muscles in the Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP VASTUS INTERMEDIUS deep to rectus femoris ALL Muscles in the Vastus Group Extend Lower Leg

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP-CAT VASTUS LATERALIS RECTUS FEMORIS VASTUS INTERMEDIUS VASTUS MEDIALIS

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG SARTORIUS Flexes Lower Leg Permits Sitting in Tailor Fashion HAMSTRING GROUP BICEPS FEMORIS Extends Thigh SEMITENDINOSUS SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

SARTORIUS-Flexes Lower Leg

SARTORIUS Permits Sitting in Tailor Fashion

HAMSTRING GROUP BICEPS FEMORIS SEMITENDINOSUS SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Flexes Lower Leg Extends Thigh SEMITENDINOSUS SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

HAMSTRING GROUP-CAT BICEPS FEMORIS REFLECTED IN THIS PIC Flexes Lower Leg Extends Thigh SEMITENDINOSUS SEMIMEMBRANOSUS http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/cat_dissect/cat_demo/muscular_system/Biceps_femoris_reflected/Biceps_femoris_reflectedindex.html

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT TIBIALIS ANTERIOR Flexes Foot (Dorsiflexion) Inverts Foot (Inversion) GASTROCNEMIUS Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion) Flexes Lower Leg SOLEUS Extends Foot

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR Flexes Foot (Dorsiflexion) Inverts Foot (Inversion)

GASTROCNEMIUS Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion) Flexes Lower Leg

SOLEUS Extends Foot

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT-CAT TIBIALIS ANTERIOR GASTROCNEMIUS SOLEUS