Circulatory System MVZ Carinthia Zapata

Components Blood and its different structures Heart Blood vessels

Blood In adults you have 4 to 5 lts. (6 to 8% of your body weight). Has various elements: –Plasma (55%) –Red blood cells (45% Erythrocytes) –White blood cells (Luecocytes) –Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Plasma Fluid with similar color to lemonade. Transports blood cells, platelets and some proteins. 2/3 of the plasma proteins are albumin, that is produced in the liver.

Plasma… The albumin, with some other proteins, determine the total blood volume.

Red Blood Cells RBC Form 45% of the blood. They are called Erythrocytes. Biconcave They transport O 2 for celular respiration and CO 2 as waste (HEMOGLOBIN) They are formed in the bone marrow (ERYTHROPOIESIS)

White Blood Cells Leucocytes Less abundant than erythrocytes They are in charge of the defense of the organism, identyfing strange cells and material. We have 5 different types

Types of Leucocytes

Platelets Thrombocytes Have no nucleus Stop Bleeding Last for 1 week, but we produce millions. Made by the bone morrow.

Blood Components

Blood Vessels The Heart pumps the blood, and it goes through the blood vessels ARTERIES. From there, the flows to the ARTERIOLS, and after to the CAPILLARIES. Capillaries are arranged in plexus, web.

Blood Vessels After the CAPILLARIES, the blood flows through the VENULES, and come back through the VEINS to the HEART.

ARTERIES vs VEINS Arteries –Get the blood OUT of the HEART –Have 5 layers of tissues:

Arteries vs Veins Arteriols, veins and venules –All the same layers, except the ELASTIC. Veins and Venules: Have VALVES Capillaries –Only internal membrane and tunica externa.

In these images you can see the arteries pointed out in yellow and the veins in green. In both cases you can see the regular oval shape of the arteries and the irregular of the veins.

HEART Pumps constantly The volume that flows within the system in a minute, its the same as the volume that goes back to the heart.

PARTS of the HEART Mainly is muscle: MIOCARDIO Fiber sack that surrounds the heart, giving protection and lubricating: PERICARDIUM Internal chambers have a soft covering, ENDOCARDIO Epithelial cells cover all the interior of the heart, including the vessels: ENDOTHELIUM

THE HEART External View

THE HEART Internal View

Parts of the Heart SEPTUM divides the heart in two halves. Each halve has two CHAMBERS: ATRIUM and VENTRICLE Membranous tabs that separate each chamber, and work as valves of one way are: ATRIVENTRICULAR VALVES (AV).

AV VALVES Right: TRICUSPID Left: MITRAL or BICUSPID They are connected with the heart muscle through: CHORDAE TENDINAE.

SEMILUNAR VALVES (SL) Found between the ventricles and the arteries. -Pulmonary -Aortic

CORONARY ARTERIES Two main vessels from the AORTA that end as a web, that nourish the cells in the cardiac muscle.

Cardiac Cycle (BEATS) Blood is pump every time the heat beats. A heart beat is the sequence of the contraction and relaxation of the chambers. Contraction = Systole Relaxation = Diastole R1 – Closure of AV Valves R2 – Closure of SL Valves

Two Circuits PULMONARY CIRCUIT: It receives the blood from the tissues, and circulate is through the lungs for the gas Exchange. It starts when the deoxygenated blood gets to the RIGHT ATRIUM, and it finishes when the oxygenated blood gets to the LEFT ATRIUM.

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT: Takes the blood to and from the tissues. The oxygenated blood is pumped by the left side of the heart, and goes back to the RIGHT ATRIUM deoxygenated.

Conduction System 1% of the cells of the heart do not contract. They compose CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM SCC. They are specialized cardiac cells, that produce and conduce electric impulses that stimulate the heart contraction.

Pacemaker These specialized cells are arranged in two nodes: Sinoatrial (SA) (or atrial) and atrioventricular (AV) Nodes. The SA Node is found in the superior Wall of the right atrium, and the AV Node is found in the septum (through the HIS BUNDLE).

Blood Pressure Its the pressure that the blood has against the walls of the blood vessels. It is higher at the aorta, and it diminishes through the blood circuit.

Hemostasis Process by which bleeding and excessive lose of blood is stopped. It includes spasms of the affected vessel, grouping of platelets, and clot formation.

Hemostasis Starts with a tissue damage, then muscle spasms and platelet grouping.

Blood Types

Diseases Heart Attack Arteriosclerosis Anemia and Leukemia Heart Failure Phlebitis Hypotension Hypertnesion Tachycardia Arrythmia

Lymphatic System Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymph nodes Tonsils Thymus Spleen

Lymphatic System Main component of the immune system of the body. Extensive web of drainage of the body, that helps to keep the normal levels of body liquid, and it also defends the body from infections.

Activity Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymph nodes Tonsils Thymus Spleen