Sentence Structure: Clauses, Phrases, and Modifiers Chapter 5, Lesson 1

What is a Sentence? A sentence is a group of words with a subject and a predicate. Sentences begin with a capitalized word and end with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. Good sentences convey a complete thought and make sense.

Subjects and Predicates Subject: tells what the sentence is about. Predicate: tells about the subject or tells what the subject is doing.

Examples Subject The small, black cat Katie They Predicate hid under the porch. received a reward. went to the mall.

Think--Pair--Share Think of three sentences and write them in your notes. Underline the subject in each sentence. Pair up with the person next to you and share sentences. Are they correct?

Clauses and Phrases Phrase: Part of the sentence which does not contain its own subject & predicate Clause: Part of a sentence which contains its own subject and predicate.

Two Types of Clauses Independent Clauses: Contains a subject and predicate and makes sense on its own. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent Clause: Contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand on its own. A dependent clause is DEPENDENT upon an independent clause.

Phrases, Dependent Clauses, and Independent Clauses After breakfast, Katie finished her Phrase Independent Clause homework. After she finished her homework, she Dependent Clause went to school. Independent Clause

Katie felt a lot better after she finished Independent Clause Dependent Clause her homework. Katie went to school and then she went to Independent Clause Independent Clause cheerleading practice.

Let’s Try a Few Together We will underline and identify the clauses and phrases in the sentences below: 1.Before the basketball game, Mack went to the mall. 2.Mack bought a new pair of shoes. 3.Mack wore his new shoes at the basketball game.

Your Turn! Underline and identify the phrases and clauses in the sentences below. 1.Although she looks a lot older, she is not sixteen years old yet. 2.After school, I have a detention. 3.I need to go shopping after I serve my detention.

Check Your Answers! 1.Although she looks a lot older, she is Dependent Clause not sixteen years old yet. Independent Clause 2. After school, I have a detention. Phrase Independent Clause 3. I need to go shopping after I serve my Independent Clause Dependent Clause detention.

Modifiers Modifiers develop sentences. Modifiers may be either words, phrases, or clauses. Modifiers can come either before or after the words they modify.

Word Modifiers Basic Sentence: The dog ran. Word Modifier: The brown dog ran. [ The word “brown” modifies the word “dog.”] Word Modifer: The brown dog ran quickly. [ The word “quickly” modifies the word “ran.”]

Phrase and Clause Modifiers Phrase Modifier: The brown dog ran quickly through the intersection. [ The phrase “through the intersection” modifies the word “ran.”] Clause Modifier: The brown dog, who has a yellow collar, ran quickly through the intersection. [ The clause “who has a yellow collar” modifies the word “dog.”]

Examples 1. The mean teacher handed out a difficult quiz. Modifies teacher Modifies quiz 2. The teacher, who has a bad reputation, is Modifies teacher always yelling at students. 3. The teacher yelled loudly. Modifies yelled

Let’s Try This Together! 1.Jon has new white shoes. 2.The smart boy aced the hard test. 3.Sarah walked slowly to her next class.

On Your Own 1.The school, across the street, will reopen in the fall. 2.The student, who transferred from the city, made the basketball team. 3.The tall player ran speedily down the court.

Check Your Answers 1.The school, across the street, will Modifies school reopen in the fall. 2. The student, who transferred from the Modifies student city, made the basketball team. 3. The tall player ran speedily down the Modifies player Modifies ran court.

Independent Practice Review pages in your packet entitled “Chapter 5: Sentence Structure” and complete the practice problems on pages