Unit II Part 1

1607 Jamestown: the first permanent English colony in the New World The London Co. (later will be called the Virginia Co.) sent 144 men on three ships to Virginia The London Co. (later will be called the Virginia Co.) sent 144 men on three ships to Virginia The Godspeed, Susan Constant, and the Discovery The Godspeed, Susan Constant, and the Discovery These men were young and in good physical shape and were indentured servants These men were young and in good physical shape and were indentured servants Only 104 survived the trip Only 104 survived the trip

Jamestown, Va. The London Co. had hoped that these men would be able to mine gold, silver, and other precious metals The London Co. had hoped that these men would be able to mine gold, silver, and other precious metals They wanted the same kind of wealth that Spain had found They wanted the same kind of wealth that Spain had found When the ship landed, it was too late in the season to plant. These were not landless farmers anyway. When the ship landed, it was too late in the season to plant. These were not landless farmers anyway.

Jamestown They did not know how to hunt, fish and were not sure what plants were safe to eat. They did not know how to hunt, fish and were not sure what plants were safe to eat. They settled in a malaria swamp in the Chesapeake Bay Area They settled in a malaria swamp in the Chesapeake Bay Area By 1608 only 38 survived (cannibalism) By 1608 only 38 survived (cannibalism) Religion was not a factor in this settlement. Religion was not a factor in this settlement. All men had agreed to attend the Anglican Church All men had agreed to attend the Anglican Church

Captain John Smith Arrived and organized the men into work parties for farming and mining. Arrived and organized the men into work parties for farming and mining. He taught them to hunt, fish and deal with the natives He taught them to hunt, fish and deal with the natives Less that a dozen died the next winter but Smith went back to England to be treated for powder burns

In the Meantime… The London Co. investors wanted to see some profit. The London Co. investors wanted to see some profit. 600 more people were sent to Jamestown in 1609 along with a ship full of supplies (which sunk on the way) 600 more people were sent to Jamestown in 1609 along with a ship full of supplies (which sunk on the way) More died of starvation and malaria More died of starvation and malaria

The London Co. Believed that the settlers were slackers so they sent Sir Thomas Dale to supervise Believed that the settlers were slackers so they sent Sir Thomas Dale to supervise Dale’s 3 rules: Dale’s 3 rules: No slacking No slacking No dealing with the Indians No dealing with the Indians No swearing No swearing Violations were punishable by death Violations were punishable by death

Jamestown Even Dale could not save Jamestown Even Dale could not save Jamestown John Rolfe saved it by introducing a mild form of West Indian tobacco to the land in 1611 John Rolfe saved it by introducing a mild form of West Indian tobacco to the land in 1611 Tobacco caught on but by the time it was a money-maker, the London Co. was SOL because the original indentured period had passed Tobacco caught on but by the time it was a money-maker, the London Co. was SOL because the original indentured period had passed

Jamestown So…The London Co. renamed itself the Virginia Co. and hoped to still make a profit by attracting more settlers to colonize So…The London Co. renamed itself the Virginia Co. and hoped to still make a profit by attracting more settlers to colonize They offered a Headright system Similar to the Dutch Patroon System…(55 to 100 acres of land for nothing. One could get a deed for the land if they established boundaries, planted crops and built a habitation. They offered a Headright system Similar to the Dutch Patroon System…(55 to 100 acres of land for nothing. One could get a deed for the land if they established boundaries, planted crops and built a habitation.

1619 The Virginia Co sent 100 women to Va. who could be purchased for 120 pounds of tobacco! The Virginia Co sent 100 women to Va. who could be purchased for 120 pounds of tobacco! Also, in 1619, a Dutch ship brought 19 African slaves to Va for sale. No one wanted them! They preferred Indentured servants…the Dutch ship had loaded up with other supplies so the Africans simply wandered away! Also, in 1619, a Dutch ship brought 19 African slaves to Va for sale. No one wanted them! They preferred Indentured servants…the Dutch ship had loaded up with other supplies so the Africans simply wandered away!

The Virginia House of Burgesses 1619 The first elected legislative body in the colonies The first elected legislative body in the colonies. The Virgiinia Co. had promised new settlers some self-government and the Va. House of Burgesses was it. The Virgiinia Co. had promised new settlers some self-government and the Va. House of Burgesses was it.

Indentured Servitude Was the preferred form of unfree labor in the first 3 quarters of the 17 th Century. Was the preferred form of unfree labor in the first 3 quarters of the 17 th Century. Slavery will begin to replace indentured servitude after Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Slavery will begin to replace indentured servitude after Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Tobacco exhausted the land but was the main export crop in the 18 th C. Tobacco exhausted the land but was the main export crop in the 18 th C.

Bacon’s Rebellion 1622 The Virginia Co. went broke 1622 The Virginia Co. went broke 1624 Virginia became a Royal colony 1624 Virginia became a Royal colony 1642 Governor Berkley (a royal governor representing the crown) was sent to rule Va.) 1642 Governor Berkley (a royal governor representing the crown) was sent to rule Va.) Berkley and his friends (called the Green Spring Group) cut deals with the Indians at the expense of the frontiersmen Berkley and his friends (called the Green Spring Group) cut deals with the Indians at the expense of the frontiersmen

Bacon’s Rebellion Va. Grew rapidly Va. Grew rapidly By ,000 were there By ,000 were there Rapid growth was a problem because more land was needed and the Native Americans were constantly on the attack Rapid growth was a problem because more land was needed and the Native Americans were constantly on the attack 1673 Nathaniel Bacon arrived 1673 Nathaniel Bacon arrived

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon was country gentry and was miffed when not invited to join the Green Spring Group Bacon was country gentry and was miffed when not invited to join the Green Spring Group His farm was hit by Indian attacks and he insisted that Berkley do something about it His farm was hit by Indian attacks and he insisted that Berkley do something about it Berkley refused Berkley refused Bacon formed his own army (neighbors and indentured workers) Bacon formed his own army (neighbors and indentured workers)

Bacon’s Rebellion Berkley called Bacon “a rebel” and Bacon’s army attacked Jamestown…burned it to the ground Berkley called Bacon “a rebel” and Bacon’s army attacked Jamestown…burned it to the ground Berkley went into hiding and then… Berkley went into hiding and then… Bacon dropped dead of dysentry (not pretty) Bacon dropped dead of dysentry (not pretty) Why was this important? Why was this important?

Results of Bacon’s Rebellion Since Bacon’s army was made up of Indentured Servants, many believed that African slaves would be less dangerous and easier to control. Since Bacon’s army was made up of Indentured Servants, many believed that African slaves would be less dangerous and easier to control. So…slavery began to replace indentured servitude So…slavery began to replace indentured servitude

The Importance of Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion reflected conflict on 3 levels: Bacon’s Rebellion reflected conflict on 3 levels: The colonists v the Native Americans The colonists v the Native Americans The colonists v British authority The colonists v British authority The rural population and the urbanites The rural population and the urbanites

Jamestown The Virginia Co. also offered limited Self- Government leading to : The Virginia Co. also offered limited Self- Government leading to : The Virginia House of Burgesses (1619): the first legislative body in the colonies The Virginia House of Burgesses (1619): the first legislative body in the colonies