Organelles: Structure & Function. Cell/Plasma Membrane Structure: Phospholipid bilayer Function: Controls what enters & exits the cell.

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Presentation transcript:

Organelles: Structure & Function

Cell/Plasma Membrane Structure: Phospholipid bilayer Function: Controls what enters & exits the cell.

Nucleus Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes Enclosed by a porous double membrane called the nuclear membrane. Function: Controls everything in the cell

Nucleolus Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes

Ribosomes Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins & RNA. Found on Rough ER Function: Links together amino acids to make proteins (that means enzymes too!)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. HAS ribosomes Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER

Vesicle Membrane-bound containers that carry substances throughout the cell

Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed discs Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins

Lysosome Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound Function: Breaks down food, waste & damaged cell parts all within the cell

Peroxisome Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially H 2 O 2.

Vacuole Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal cells; large in plant cells Function: stores materials for cell

Plastids Structure: 3 different types Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only!

Plastids 1.Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems 2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment 3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of photosynthesis

Chloroplast Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains chlorophyll (green pigment) Function: Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae)

Mitochondria Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own DNA & ribosomes Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell

Chloroplast & Mitochondria Both have: more than 1 membrane ‘Powerhouse’ of their cells Contain their own DNA Reproduce independently of the cell Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?!

Cytoplasm/Cytosol Structure: Jelly – like substance between the area of the nucleus & cell membrane Function: Hold organelles in place & site for chemical reactions

Cytoskeleton Structure: A network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments) Function: Supports & shapes the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. No ribosomes Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as drugs/alcohol

Centrosome/Centrioles Structure: Small region of cytoplasm, made up of microtubules; pair of centrioles Function: Helps the cell divide

Flagellum (flagella = plural) Tail used for movement

Cilium (cilia = plural) Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used For movement and gathering food

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