 Harmful dysfunction in which behaviors are maladaptive; unjustifiable; disturbing, and atypical.

 Maladaptive- destructive to oneself or others (exaggeration of normal, acceptable behavior).  Unjustifiable- without a rational basis  Disturbing- troublesome to other people  Atypical- so different that they violate a norm (what is acceptable in their culture).

 Have changed throughout centuries.  Philippe Pinel- French physician  First to reform treatment for mental patients.  Believed humane treatment was better than other methods such as chaining them to the wall or locked up like zoo animals.

 Classify according to symptoms, in order to: ◦ Describe the disorder ◦ Predict the future course of the disorder ◦ Treat the disorder appropriately ◦ Provide a springboard for research into the disorder’s causes.

 DSM-IV-TR stands for Diagnotstic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Vol. 4.  Divides mental disorders into 17 major categories  Subject to change and revision. ◦ Vol. 3 stopped listing homosexuality as a disorder. ◦ Vol. 4 changes term from manic depressive to bipolar disorder.

 Most patients diagnosed with disorders are fully functioning members of society.  Media such as TV shows can greatly influence people’s perception of psychological disorders.  Recent research into psychological disorders has taken the mystery out of these disorders and fostered more understanding.  Labels have potential to shape our thoughts.

 Do not overreact as you begin to study symptoms of these disorders.  Remember-the definition states that degree is the key to distinguishing between “quirks in personality” with real psychological disorders

 Schizophrenia  Mood  Personality  Dissociative  Anxiety

 A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions.  Mostly genetic-predisposition to disorder.

 Delusions-false belief  Hallucinations-false perception  Inappropriate emotions  Inappropriate behaviors

 Paranoid- delusions of persecution and grandeur.  Catatonic- excitement and stupor phases.  Disorganized- bizarre behavior, delusions, and hallucianations.  Undifferentiated- symptoms that do not clearly fit one o the other types.

 Disturbances of emotions.  Mania- period of abnormally high emotion  Depression- sad “down”, listless, drained of energy.  2 major mood disorders ◦ Major Depressive Disorder ◦ Bipolar Disorder (formerly called Manic Depression)

 Most common  Person experiences at least 2 weeks of depressed moods, diminished interest in activities, feelings of worthlessness.

 Alternating periods of mania and depression.  Down periods of major depression.  Manic episodes-unrealistically optimistic; wildly hyper behavior.

 Nurture- different situations may cause a mood disorder (death of a friend or family member).  Nature- predisposition to a mood disorder (runs in the family).

 Inflexible and lasting behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning.  With related to anxiety-sensitive about being rejected  Deep distrust of other people  With dramatic or impulsive behaviors- instability of emotions, self-image, behavior, and relationships  Anti-social personality disorder

 Very emotional and unstable relationships with others (I love you, I hate you)  Extreme short term mood swings, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger  Unstable self image or sense of self

 Lack of conscience of wrongdoing and lack of respect  Can’t be diagnosed until 18 yrs. of age.  Repeatedly breaking the law  Lying, using aliases, conning others for profit.  Impulsive, aggressive, consistent irresponsibility  Serial killers

 Long standing complex feelings of inadequacy  Extreme sensitivity to what others think or say about them  Social inhibitions (unwilling to get involved with others unless certain of being liked)  Belief that they are unappealing or inferior to others.

 Sense of self has become separated from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings.  Dissociative Amnesia-loss of memory of traumatic event  Dissociative Fugue-loss of identity and reasoning.  Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personalities)-2 or more distinct personalities (extreme abuse).

 Anxiety-vague feeling of apprehension or nervousness-basis of anxiety disorders.  Anxiety disorders control and dominate life.

 Generalized  Panic disorder  Obsessive-compulsive disorder  Posttraumatic stress disorder  Phobias

 More than just a fear-it is both irrational and disruptive. MUST be both!!!!  Social phobias- fear in social situations.  Agoraphobia- fear of situations the person views as difficult to escape from if panic begins to build.