During the last part of the 1800’s industrialization had contributed to growth of cities, population, and wealth. What were some of the negatives from this era?

Literature Yellow Journalism  foreign affairs Books  issues at home What were the issues these books for focusing on?

Socialist What is socialism? What are examples of socialism? Past or present? Why did people welcome and fear socialism? Success in the cities: over 1,000 municipal positions

Labor Movement Union members wanted change What kind of changes? What do you think the opinion of the businesses about unions? Injunctions- Court orders prohibiting workers from going on strike

Home Rule- Cities exercise a limited degree of self-rule What do you think their goal was for self-rule? Hope to end corruption in the cities Some issues they felt came from immigration

Nativists, prohibitionists, purity crusaders, charity reformers Take a moment and figure out which each of these groups wanted to fix in society? All wanted to bring progress to society Progressives Wanted economic and political change but not radical

Felt government should play a bigger role Economic regulation Increase responsibility for human welfare What are some ways they could have done this? Social Welfare Programs Help ensure basic standard of living Unemployment, health insurance

Conditions were poor Especially in the cities Wanted change Better working conditions Why couldn’t they make changes? NO VOTE

Looking at the issues Who would be against these changes? Why are they angry over these changes? Child Labor Social Change  good Employers  bad Families  Needed children to work

TR gave these writers this name Ida Tarbell Standard oil Upton Sinclair Meatpacking industries Lincoln Steffens Exposed the cities Jacob Riis Slums of cities

In response to unregulated claims and unhealthy products, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 The Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market

All three levels had reform Federal State Local

Efforts at reforming local government stemmed from the desire to make government more efficient and responsive to citizens Some believe it also was meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments

Break up monopolies that regulated the cities utilities Gas, Water, Electricity Create more affordable services Programs Free schooling Build parks, playgrounds, housing for the homeless “If social conditions are good, people would be good”

End corruption by limiting power of politicians Give the voters more decision making power 1- Direct Primaries Voters select nominees for upcoming elections th Amendment Voters select senators not state legislation 3- Initiative Petitions allow citizens propose new laws 4-Referendum A law is passed by the voters through election 5-Recall Power to the voters to remove officials before the next election

Disasters usually caused changes to occur Made changes in Safety Hours you can work 1907 National Child Labor Committee Employment of 14 and younger Abolished in 30 states

Square Deal TR wanted to use his power 1902 United Mine Workers went on strike Wanted higher wages Owners refused to talk TR stepped in as a third party Lower working hours and increased their pay 1906 Hepburn Act Interstate Commerce Commission Pure Food and Drug Act/ Meat inspection Act Labeling ingredients

Holding companies- Larger companies buy stocks in smaller companies  creating monopolies Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 By antitrust actions

Establishment of Department of Labor national parks Constitutional Amendments 16 th- Income tax 18 th- Prohibition