Bacterial Cells How is bacteria a part of recycling and biodegrading? It breaks down organic material for plant roots to use Draw the basic appearance of all bacteria: What type of bacterium is Ishy? Where does he live? E.coli; in animal intestines

4. What role does Ishy play in our digestive system 4. What role does Ishy play in our digestive system? He helps break down food that our bodies 5. What kind of bacterium is Bee Gee? Where does he live? Blue-green algae; on top of standing water

1. How many cells do bacteria have? One Bacteria and Viruses 1. How many cells do bacteria have? One Name two places Archaebacteria can be found. Salt lakes; hydrothermal vents Shapes Characteristics Examples Sphere-Cocci sometimes grow in chains or in clumps like a bunch of grapes Streptococcus (strep throat) Staphylococci (responsible for "staph" infections) Rod-Bacilli can also form in chains Escherichia coli or E.coli Spiral-shaped- Spirilla can use their shape to propel themselves by twisting like a corkscrew Treponema pallidumcholera (syphilis)

4. What method is used to identify bacteria. Gram staining 5 4. What method is used to identify bacteria? Gram staining 5. Why do some stain positive and not negative? Positive = a lot of peptidoglycan in the cell wall; negative = a little peptidoglycan in the cell wall 6. What are two ways bacteria can get food? Consuming other organisms (heterotrophs); making their own food (autotrophs) 7. What is the process called when bacteria divide into two cells? Binary fission

Bacteria Divide and Multiply How long would it take for 2 bacteria cells to divide and turn into 4 bacteria cells? 20 minutes 2. How come our planet is not covered with bacteria? The conditions are rarely optimal

Bacterial Motility What are three ways bacteria can move? Flagella, axial filament, & slime Describe how Spirochaetes bacteria move. Rotating in a spiral fashion Describe how Chromatium bacteria move. Using flagella Describe how gliding bacteria move. By secreting slime and sliding across it

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Mr. Carl’s E-Class Very old bacteria, i.e. evolved a long time ago Many live in extreme environments; some live in or on organisms. Autotrophic or heterotrophic Can be harmful or helpful More recently evolved bacteria Live in or on organisms What kind of substances do bacteria consume to get energy? Organisms, milk, meat, decaying materials, and sunlight 3. What is the process of making energy from food using oxygen? Respiration

Kingdom Archaebacteria and Eubacteria What does “archaebacteria” mean? Ancient bacteria Where do you find archaebacteria? Give 3 specific locations. A. undersea volcanic vents B. acidic hot springs C. salty water What kind of cells do archaebacteria have?

4. Describe the three main groups of Archaebacteria. Methanogens Halophiles Thermophiles Live in anaerobic environments Make methane gas Found in swamps, marshes, sewage treatment plants, digestive tracts animals Live in very salty water Found in the Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake, etc. Use salt to help generate ATP Live in extremely hot and acidic water Found in hot springs and in volcanic vents on land

1. What kingdom is most bacteria a part of? Eubacteria Phylum Cyanobacteria Phylum Spirochetes Phylum Gram-Positive Phylum Proteobacteria Gram - Carry on photosynth-esis & make oxygen Called blue-green bacteria Gram positive Have flagella at each end so move in a corkscrew motion Some are aerobic (require oxygen); others are anaerobic May be free-living, parasitic, or live symbiotically with another organism  Most are Gram +, but some are Gram – Found in the oral & intestinal cavities & slow the growth of disease-causing bacteria Largest & most diverse bacterial group

3. What are chemoautotrophs 3. What are chemoautotrophs? Gram negative bacteria that obtain energy from minerals   4. What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria? Bacteria that change nitrogen into usable ammonia 5. What does an aerobic bacterium need? Oxygen 6. What does an anaerobic bacteria need? No oxygen 7. Do anaerobic bacteria use fermentation or respiration? 8. Do aerobic bacteria use fermentation or respiration? 9. What are the four sources of nutrition for bacteria? dead organic matter (saprobes)  a host cell (parasites)  sunlight  (photoautotrophs) inorganic substances (chemoautotrophs)