APRIL 17 – AP COMP GOV – DYNASTIC HISTORY Agenda: Comparison: Population Control in Iran and China Notes: Dynastic History of China Homework: Read p Country Briefs for Monday Take out: Pen/Pencil Notebook Comparison of Iran/China population control

CHINA’S DYNASTIC HISTORY ca BCE-1901 CE

THE NEOLITHIC ERA – BCE Civilizations emerged between 5000 and 4000 B.C. E. in the North China plain Hunted and worked with stone tools Produced jade artifacts and ceramic pottery People lived in small tribal settlements

SHANG DYNASTY – BCE The first Chinese state for which clear written records remain United much of north central China Bronze weaponry  strength of royal military First appearance of woven silk

ZHOU (CHOU) DYANSTY – BCE 1027-ca 770 BC - Zhou dynasty replaces Shang as dominant force across northern China Power extended across family lines to create aristocratic cities and principalities Confucianism and Taoism evolved Chinese literary tradition began Zhou state collapsed into chaos of Era of Warring States

CH’IN (QIN) DYNASTY – BCE King Ying Zheng Unites much of the Chinese heartland First ruler to use the title "emperor" as Qin Shihuangdi ("First Qin Emperor") Begins massive construction projects: First Great Wall of China First official system of roadways Empire quickly collapses after his death

QIN - THE GREAT WALL AND THE TERRA- COTTA ARMY

HAN DYNASTY – 206 BCE-220 CE First lasting state governing the entire Chinese heartland First “golden age” marked by major inventions and progress Invention of paper and glazed ceramics Military expansion Growth in economy Centralization of government Promoted Confucian ideals as the state philosophy Development of state tests Bureaucratic civil-service system lasted until early 20 th century Buddhism introduce to parts of China Sought alliances with foreign powers trade routes developed into the Silk road

SIX DYNASTIES – CE Collapse of Han state results in nearly four centuries of division between competing dynasties Wars, plagues, famine Political instability  questioning Confucian ideals  embrace Buddhism and Taoism Ideas also spread by invention of woodblock printing

SUI DYANSTY – Short-lived dynasty forcefully united central/southern China Marked by developments in agriculture and the promotion of Buddhism Development of southern China

T’ANG DYNASTY – CE Combined aggressive military and economic expansion with political stability and creative achievement Encouraged both import and export trade along the Silk Road Seen as the second “Golden Age” of Chinese history Empire expands to central Asia

FIVE DYNASTIES – CE Politically and Militarily unremarkable Dominated by political unrest – controlled by five short-lived dynasties Development of “China” – porcelain whiteware

NORTHERN SUNG (SONG) – CE Third “Golden Age” - high point of Chinese classical culture Philosophical and artistic development Political centralization Economic growth Scientific innovation Adoption of Neo-Confucianism as the official state ideology

SOUTHERN SUNG (SONG) – CE Invaders from Mongolia drive Chinese Empire South Marked by unrest and military conflict Capital established at Hangzhou (Huangzhou) Trade and economy severely limited

MONGOL RULE – YUAN DYNASTY – CE Empire established by Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis) Reopen and expand international trade Marco Polo (et. al.) visit Western interest in the East begins Capital established at Beijing

THE MONGOLIAN EMPIRE

MING DYNASTY – CE Established sophisticated agricultural and trade-based economy Rise of a large middle-class Treasure Ships – trade and discovery Developed a strong centralized bureaucracy and military Great Wall of China completed Forbidden city constructed

CH’ING (QING) DYNASTY – CE Manchu Qing Dynasty drives out Ming. Chinese empire reaches its zenith, with the annexation of Tibet, Mongolia and present- day Xinjiang (Turkestan). 19th Century - Qing Dynasty begins a long decline. Western powers impose "unequal treaties" that create foreign concessions in China's ports. Regional warlords rise as central government atrophies "Boxer Rebellion" in Northern China seeks to stifle reforms in the Qing administration, drive out foreigners and re-establish traditional rule. Rebellion defeated by foreign intervention With Western powers, Russia and Japan extracted further concessions from weakened Qing government