1. THE DYNASTIES OF CHINA

2. THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN The four principles to the Mandate: 1.Heaven grants the emperor the right to rule 2.Since there is only one Heaven, there can only be on emperor at any given time. 3.The emperor's virtue determines his right to rule. 4.No one dynasty has a permanent right to rule.

3. SHANG DYNASTY Thought to have ruled from around 1600 to 1100 BCE Was founded by Tang the Great King Yin was its final ruler Earliest glazed pottery, evidence of a potter’s wheel, industrialized bronze casting used for rituals, wine, and food, weapons, tools, advanced jade carving, determined the year was 365 ¼ days, made reports on diseases, 1 st appearance of Chinese script, oracle bones.

4. THE ZHOU DYNASTY Ruled for nearly 1,000 years about 1046 to 256 BCE Empire was proto-feudal Ox-drawn ploughs, iron, horseback riding, coinage, chopsticks, and crossbow Roads, canals, and major irrigation project were developed

5. QIN DYNASTY Surfaced ruing China’s Warring States period 475-221 BCE Government was Legalist Described as a police state, private weapons were confiscated, nobles were forced to the capital Some new ideas and inventions, it standardized weights, measures, coinage, and forms of writing.

6. HAN DYNASTY Divided in to two periods the earlier Western Han Dynasty from 206 BCE to 8 or 9 CE and the later from 25 to 220 CE Founded by Emperor Gao Switch from Taoism to Confucianism By the end of the Western Han there were 3000 scholars enrolled in the academy for the imperial bureaucracy.

7. SUI DYNASTY Short lived dynasty from 581 to 618 CE Founded by Emperor Yang Jian by unifying China Restored Confucian rituals from the Han dynasty Built the Grand Canal Rebuilt the Great Wall Conducted a census, standardized coinage and simplified taxation

8. TANG DYNASTY Was a golden age lasting from 618-907 CE Welcomed traders from Korea, Japan, Syria, Arabia, Iran, and Tibet First emperor was Li Yuan Distributed land to maximize the number of taking paying males Second emperor expanded China westward to the Caspian Sea Had extensive contact with people from the west.

9. SONG DYNASTY Three centuries of Song Rule, in eastern, central, and southern China. Western China ruled by Xia Dynasties and Northern China was ruled by the Jin Inventions include movable type printing, paddlewheel boats, gunpowder weapons, and paper money.

10. YUAN DYNASTY Mongolian dynasty ruled China from 1279 to 1368 CE Founded by Kublai Khan (Genghis Khan’s grandson) Yuan China was considered the most important part of the Mongol Empire which stretched west to Poland, north to Russia, and South to Syria Rehabilitated the Grand Canal

11. MING DYNASTY Ruled Imperial China from 1368 to 1644 Renowned for their blue and white porcelain Sent Admiral Zheng He and his Treasure Fleet of over 317 ships and 28,000 men with the purpose of collecting treasure

12. QING DYNASTY The final dynasty of the Chinese Empire From 1644 to 1912 The Last Emperor was 6 year old Puyi Downfall was brought about by External Factors (Opium Wars, French encroachment ) and Internal Factors Ordinary Chinese did not feel loyal to the rulers, the Empress Dowager clamped down hard on reformers, and rebellion in 1900)