Organic Molecules: Organic Molecules: 2.3 Chemical compounds containing Carbon
What are we made of? Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorous (P) (*Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K))
Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Food Metabolism Cells Metabolism Building Blocks
Vocabulary Check Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!
Organic Molecules Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids(fats) Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Carbohydrates (Sugars) 2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH 2 O) Monomer = Monosaccharides Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose, fructose, and galactose Disaccharides (double sugars) sucrose and lactose Polysaccharides (complex sugars) starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Carbohydrate Functions Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose, sucrose, and fructose Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals) Structure (cellulose and chitin)
Food Sources for Carbohydrates
Protein Monomer = amino acids. Each amino acid contains an NH 2 or amino group and a CO 2 H or carboxyl group
Examples Actin/ Myosin Hemoglobin Antibodies Enzymes: amylase, protease
Protein Functions Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin). Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin). Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders (antibodies). Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin). Energy source (1 gram = 4 cal of energy).
Food Sources of Protein
Lipids Monomer= Fatty Acid Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax. They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.
Main Types of Fats Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons Solid at room temperature Found mostly in animals. Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons Liquid at room temperature Found mostly in plants
Lipid Functions High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 cal of energy. Protects vital organs Insulates the body Stores food for later use
Food Sources for Fats
Energy Review
Nucleic Acids Monomer = nucleotides Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acid Comparison DNA Double Helix ( twisted ladder) Contains the bases A, T, C, & G Contains the code for the bodies proteins RNA Single strand Contains the bases A, U, C, & G Carries the code for a protein, transfers amino acids to ribosomes.
Monomers Build Polymers
How Organic Compounds are Formed and Destroyed Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis
Dehydration Synthesis The combination of two monomers (building blocks) using enzymes and losing water.
Hydrolysis The process of breaking down a polymer (large organic molecule) into its sub units using enzymes and water.